Vulvodinia, Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan

Devi Artami Susetiati

Abstract


Vulvodynia is often described as discomfort or burning pain in the vulvar area, occurring in the absence of visible pathology or a specific, clinically identifiable disorder. The aim of this this article is to give more information about vulvodinia, diagnose and management with literature study method. The diagnosis of vulvodynia is made after taking a careful history, ruling out infectious or dermatologic abnormalities, and eliciting pain in response to light pressure on the labia, introitus, or hymenal remnants. Several treatment options have been used, although the evidence for many of these treatments is incomplete. Treatments include oral medications that decrease nerve hypersensitivity (e.g., tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, anticonvulsants), pelvic floor biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, local treatments, and (rarely) surgery. Most women experience substantial improvement when one or more treatments are used. It can be concluded that vulvodinia ’s management until right now has not been standardized yet because of its etiology.

Vulvodinia merupakan rasa tidak nyaman pada vulva, kebanyakan pasien merasa nyeri terbakar, stinging, iritasi, dan lecet pada daerah tersebut, keluhan berlangsung kronik tanpa disertai gambaran klinis yang spesifik atau gangguan neurologis. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini adalah untuk menambah wawasan tentang vulvodinia, diagnosis dan penatalaksanaannya dengan metode studi pustaka. Diagnosis vulvodinia ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis yang teliti dengan menyingkirkan infeksi atau kelainan kulit dan pemeriksaan rasa nyeri terhadap rangsang tekanan ringan pada labia, introitus, atau sisa-sisa himen. Beberapa pilihan terapi telah digunakan meskipun belum cukup terbukti efektivitasnya. Terapi oral dengan menggunakan obat-obatan yang dapat menurunkan hipersensitivitas saraf (misal antidepresan trisiklik, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antikonvulsan), pelvic floor biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, terapi lokal, dan yang jarang dilakukan adalah terapi bedah. Kebanyakan wanita penderita vulvodinia mengalami perbaikan yang berarti ketika menggunakan salah satu atau kombinasi terapi. Disimpulkan bahwa sampai saat ini belum ada standarisasi terapi vulvodinia, hal ini karena vulvodinia merupakan suatu penyakit dengan berbagai kemungkinan etiologi yang belum pasti.


Keywords


diagnosis; manajemen; vulvodinia; diagnose; management; vulvodinia

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v10i1.1565

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