Kadar Kolesterol-HDL pada Penderita Hipotiroid dan Non-Hipotiroid di Daerah Endemik Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (GAKI)

Abstract

The level of HDL-cholesterol are variated on hypothyroidism. Research about HDL- cholesterol level on hypothyroid patient and non-hypothyroid has been done. The aim of this research is to measure the HDL-cholesterol level of hypothyroid patient compared with non-hypothyroid in IDD endemic area. The subject of this research divided into two groups, group 1 as the sampel consist of 12 hypothyroid people and group 2 as the control consist of 12 non-hypothyroid people. The standardized scoring technique from Research Committee of Iodine Dificiency Disorders (BP GAKI) was used to determine the subject. The subject includes in hypothyroid if the score >20. After scoring, the HDL-cholesterol level from each subject is measure with precipitation of LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons method. The mean result of sample group is 78,35±2,260 mg/dl mg/dL, whereas the mean result of control group is 101,20±6,628 mg/dL. Then that data is tested with Independent Sample T-Test. The statistic test result shows significant differences of HDL-cholesterol level between hypothyroid subject and nonhypothyroid subject (p=0,000). It is proved that hypothyroid subject in Cangkringan andSrumbung have lower HDL-cholesterol level than nonhypothyroid. The lower level of HDL-cholesterol on hypothyroid subject is due to HDL-cholesterol metabolism disorder on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, mainly in the Lecithin Cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity. Beside that the sample have slightly decreasing of LCAT activity without significant cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) and hepatic lipase (HL) activity disorder, so that the HDL-cholesterol level in sample lower than control. And also there are unknown factors that make high level of HDL-cholesterol on both of the group in IDD endemic area. In conclusion, the HDL-cholesterol level on hypothyroid patient in IDD endemic area lower than non-hypothyroid people.

Kadar kolesterol-HDL bervariasi pada hipotiroidisme. Penelitian tentang kadar kolesterol- HDL pada penderita hipotiroid dan nonhipotiroid sudah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur kadar kolesterol-HDL penderita hipotiroid dibandingkan dengan nonhipotiroid di daerah endemik GAKI. Sampel penelitian dibagi dalam dua kelompok, kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari 12 orang hipotiroid dan kelompok kontrol terdiri dari 12 orang nonhipotiroid. Teknik skoring sudah terstandarisasi dari Badan Penelitian Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium (BP GAKI) digunakan untuk menentukan sampel. Sampel termasuk hipotiroid apabila skornya >20. Setelah skoring dilakukan, kadar kolesterol-HDL dari setiap subyek diukur dengan metode precipitation of LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons. Nilai rata-rata kelompok sampel adalah 78,35±2,260 mg/dl, sedangkan nilai rata-rata kelompok kontrol adalah 101,20±6,628 mg/dl. Setelah itu data diuji dengan Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan perbedaan kadar kolesterol-HDL signifikan antara kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol (p=0,000). Ini membuktikan bahwa subyek hipotiroid di Cangkringan dan Srumbung mempunyai kadar kolesterol-HDL yang lebih rendah dibandingkan subyek nonhipotiroid. Kadar kolesterol-HDL yang lebih rendah pada subyek hipotiroid berhubungan dengan gangguan metabolisme kolesterol-HDL pada jalur reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), terutama pada aktivitas Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT). Selain itu sampel mengalami sedikit penurunan aktivitas enzim LCAT tanpa disertai gangguan aktivitas cholesteryl-ester transfer protein (CETP) dan hepatic lipase (HL) yang bermakna, sehingga kadar kolesterol-HDL kelompok perlakuan lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol, terdapat faktor belum diketahui yang berperan terhadap kadar kolesterol-HDL yang tinggi pada kedua kelompok di daerah endemik GAKI. Kesimpulannya, kadar kolesterol-HDL pada penderita hipotiroid lebih rendah dibandingkan orang yang non-hipotiroid.