Pengaruh Sel Galvanik Kawat Busur Ortodontik Cekat Australia dan Nikel Titanium dengan Amalgam terhadap Pelepasan Ion Nickel: Studi Laboratoris pada Lingkungan Saliva Tiruan dengan pH Normal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v7i2.1670Keywords:
amalgam, kawat Australia, kawat nikel titanium, sel galvanik, Australian wires, galvanic cells, Nickel Titanium wiresAbstract
In the oral environment, orthodontic appliances can potentially release metal elements; it is influenced by temperature change, oral microbe, oral enzymes, change of saliva pH and galvanic coupling of dissimilar metal alloy. At present, most orthodontic patients have amalgam fillings on their teeth. The aim of this study was to identify nickel ion release caused by Australian and nickel titanium orthodontic arch wires galvanic cells with amalgam. Subjects were divided into 4 groups i.e. group 1 consisting of 8 Australian wires, group 2 consisting of 8 Australian wires and 8 amalgams, group 3 consisting of 8 NiT wires, and group 4 consisting of 8 NiTi wires and 8 amalgams. Each group was immersed in 20 ml artificial saliva with normal pH and temperature 37C. On the third, fifth and seventh day, the artificial saliva was changed with fresh artificial saliva. The quantity of nickel ions released was measuredfrom the artificial saliva immerse of the four groups using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The data collected was analyzed statistically using 2-ways Analysis of Variance and t-test. The result of the study showed that the average release of nickel ions from Australian wires andNiTi wires coupled with amalgam was greater than Australian wires andNiTi wires themselves (p<0,01), and the quantity of nickel ions released from Australian wires was greater than NiTi wires (p<0,01). In conclusion, galvanic cells Australian and Nickel Titanium orthodontic arch wires with amalgam affect the release of nickel ions significantly.
Pada lingkungan mulut, peralatan ortodontik berpotensi melepaskan elemen-elemen logam, yang dipengaruhi oleh perubahan suhu, mikroba mulut, enzim mulut, perubahan pH ludah dan pasangan galvanik logam paduan yang berbeda. Saat ini pada sebagian besar pasien ortodontik cekat digunakan amalgam sebagai bahan tambalan pada giginya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh sel galvanik kawat busur ortodontik cekat australia dan nikel titanium dengan amalgam terhadap pelepasan ion nickel pelepasan ion nikel yang disebabkan oleh kawat busur ortodontik cekat australia dan nikel titanium. Subyek penelitian dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok 1 terdiri atas 8 kawat Australia; kleompok 2 terdiri atas 8 kawat Australia dan 8 amalgam, kelompok 3 terdri atas 8 kawat NiTi, dan kelompok 4 terdiri atas 8 kawat NiTi dan 8 amalgam. Tiap kelompok direndam dalam 20 ml saliva tiruan dengan pH normal dan suhu 37C. Saat perendaman hari ke-3, hari ke-5 dan ke-7, saliva tiruan diganti dengan saliva tiruan yang baru. Jumlah pelepasan ion nikel dianalisis dari saliva tiruan hasil perendaman ke-4 kelompok pada hari ke-3, hari ke-5 dan ke-7 dengan Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Analisis statistik yang digunakan adalah varians 2 jalur dilanjutkan dengan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rerata jumlah pelepasan ion nikel pada kawat Australia dan kawat NiTi yang berpasangan dengan amalgam lebih besar daripada kawat Australia dan kawat NiTi itu sendiri (p<0,01) dan jumlah pelepasan ion nikel pada kawatAustralia lebih besar dari pada kawat NiTi (p<0,01). Kesimpulannya adalah sel galvanik kawat busur ortodontik cekat australia dan nikel titanium dengan amalgam meningkatkanjumlah pelepasan ion nikel kawat busur ortodontik cekat Australia dan Nikel Titanium.
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