Anticancer Activity of The Ethanol Fraction of Gnetum gnemon L. Seeds on HeLa Cell Lines

Devi Rahmawati, Dhecella Winy Cintya Ningrum, Ivana Kinanti Kenyori, Rifki Febriansah, Melany Ayu Octavia, Adi Hermawansyah

Abstract


Cervical cancer results from abnormal cell development in the cervix and is caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Cancer treatment with chemotherapy drugs has dangerous side effects because it can attack normal cells. Gnetum gnemon L. seeds are known to possess anticancer potential. Therefore, natural ingredients are necessary to develop new cancer drug strategies with minimal side effects. This study aims to determine the anticancer activity of the ethanol fraction of Gnetum gnemon L. Seeds (EFGS) against HeLa cells. The research method used in this study was an identification test to detect compounds from EFGS using the TLC method and the HeLa cell cytotoxic test using the MTT Assay method. The results showed that EFGS contained stilbenoid group compounds based on TLC-Densitometry, with an Rf value of 0.22 cm. The cytotoxic test results on HeLa cells indicated an IC50 value of 784 µg/mL, classifying it as having the potential as a moderate category anticancer agent. Therefore, this study indicates that EFGS can be utilized as a chemopreventive agent.

Keywords


Gnetum gnemon L.; cervical cancer; HeLa cells; anticancer

Full Text:

PDF

References


Nguyen D, Holien J, Dekiwadia C, Thrimawithana T, Piva T, Huynh T. Momordica cochinchinensis (Gấc) Seed Extracts Induce Apoptosis and Necrosis in Melanoma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2023;16(1):100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16010100

Arbyn M, Weiderpass E, Bruni L, de Sanjosé S, Saraiya M, Ferlay J, et al. Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis. Lancet Glob Heal. 2020;8(2):e191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2214-109x(21)00554-4

Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71(3):209–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660

May JE, Donaldson C, Gynn L, Morse HR. Chemotherapy-induced genotoxic damage to bone marrow cells: long-term implications. Mutagenesis. 2018;33(3):241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/gey014

Zhang N, Wang M, Li Y, Zhou M, Wu T, Cheng Z. TLC–MS identification of alkaloids in Leonuri Herba and Leonuri Fructus aided by a newly developed universal derivatisation reagent optimised by the response surface method. Phytochem Anal. 2021;32(3):242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pca.2970

Kato, H., Samizo, M., Kawabata, R., Takano, F., Ohta T. Stilbenoids from the melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) fruit modulate cytokine production in murine peyer’s patch cells Ex vivo. Planta Med. 2011;77(10):1027–1034. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1250742

Mohammadhosseinpour S, Weaver A, Sudhakaran M, Ho L-C, Le T, Doseff AI, et al. Arachidin-1, a Prenylated Stilbenoid from Peanut, Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Paclitaxel in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel). 2023;15(2):399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020399

Walidah Z. Pengkajian Efek Ekstrak Biji Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) Sebagai Antimetastasis Melalui Pengamatan Migrasi Sel dan Ekspresi MMP-2 dan MMP-9 Pada Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7/HER2. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta; 2017.

Landry JJM, Pyl PT, Rausch T, Zichner T, Tekkedil MM, Stütz AM, et al. The Genomic and Transcriptomic Landscape of a HeLa Cell Line. G3 (Bethesda). 2013;3(8):1213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/g3.113.005777

Tolosa L, Donato M, Gómez-Lechón MJ. General Cytotoxicity Assessment by Means of the MTT Assay. Protoc Vitr Hepatocyte Res. 2015;1250:1–390.

Stahl E. Thin-Layer Chromatography : Laboratory Handbook. Stahl E, editor. Springer Science & Business Media; 2013. 1041.

Mutmainnah PA, Hakim A, Savalas LRT. Identifikasi Senyawa Turunan Hasil Fraksinasi Kayu Akar Artocarpus Odoratissimus. J Penelit Pendidik IPA. 2017;3(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v3i2.89

Pratiwi ET. Sediaan Suplemen Serbuk Submikron Endosperma Biji Melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon L.) Yang Mengandung Senyawa Stilbenoid Sebagai Anti Aging. Institut Teknologi Bandung; 2019.

Kuete V, Karaosmanoğlu O, Sivas H. Anticancer Activities of African Medicinal Spices and Vegetables. Medicinal Spices and Vegetables from Africa. 2017;271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809286-6.00010-8

Haryoto, Muhtadi, Peni Indrayudha, Tanti Azizah AS. Aktivitas Sitotoksik Ekstrak Etanol Tumbuhan Sala (Cynometra ramiflora Linn) Terhadap Sel HeLa, T47D dan WiDR. J Penelit Saintek. 2013;18

Andriani D, Murtisiwi L. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol 70% Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L) dari Daerah Sleman dengan Metode DPPH. Pharmacon. 2020;17(1):70–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/pharmacon.v17i1.9321

Tusanti I, Johan A, Kisdjamiatun R. Sitotoksisitas in vitro ekstrak etanolik buah parijoto (Medinilla speciosa, reinw.ex bl.) terhadap sel kanker payudara T47D. J Gizi Indones. 2014;2(2):53–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.2.2.53-58

Savitri RI, Arifin NH, Febriansah R. Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Activity and Protein Target Inhibition of Ethyl Acetate Fraction Melinjo Seed (Gnetum gnemon L.) by In Vitro and In Silico Studies on HeLa Cervical Cancer Cells. Hayati. 2023;30(5):864–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.30.5.864-873

Aisyah AN, Nur S, Lukitaningsih E, Rumiyati R, Burhan A, Adjara SM, et al. Efek Sitotoksik Ekstrak dan Fraksi Umbi Paku Atai Merah (Angiopteris ferox Copel) Terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara T47D. J Farm Galen (Galen J Pharm). 2020;6(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2020.v6.i2.15255

Tavares-Carreón F, De la Torre-Zavala S, Arocha-Garza HF, Souza V, Galán-Wong LJ, Avilés-Arnaut H. In vitro anticancer activity of methanolic extract of Granulocystopsis sp., a microalgae from an oligotrophic oasis in the Chihuahuan desert. PeerJ. 2020;8(e8686):e8686. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8686




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v23i2.18421

Refbacks



Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

      

Editorial Office:
Journal Room, G1 (Biomedic) Building, Ground Floor, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, 
Jalan Lingkar Selatan (Brawijaya), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Phone: +62 274 387 656 (ext: 231)
WA : +62 811-2650-303
Website: http://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/mm 
E-mail: mmjkk@umy.university

Creative Commons License
Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. View My Stats