Diagnosis Laboratorik Leptospirosis;

Adang Muhammad Gugun

Abstract


Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic leptospira species. Leptospirosis is endemic disease in the tropical urban areas. Leptospirosis must always be considered during the differential diagnosis of other tropical febrile illnesses. Laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis of clinically suspected leptospirosis due to its varied symptomatology. Leptospira has extend serogroup. The detection of antigen and antibodies of leptospira are complicated. They depends on the samples available and temporal stage of the illness, sensitivity and spesificity of laboratory method. The conventional tests include direct microscopy, culture and the most widely used reference standard method the microscopic agglutination test but have many limitations. A variety of newer serological tests and those based on molecular techniques have been developed.

Leptospirosis merupakan zoonosis di seluruh dunia yang disebabkan oleh spesies leptospira patogen. Leptospirosis merupakan endemis pada daerah urban di negara tropis. Leptospirosis harus selalu dipertimbangkan pada saat menemui penderita dengan demam di daerah tropis. Pemeriksaan laboratorium diperlukan sebagai konfirmasi diagnosis padapenderitayang secara klinis baik gejalamaupun tanda yang sangat bervariasi dicurigai leptospirosis. Leptospira memiliki serogroup yang sangat besar. Deteksi antigen dan antibodi leptospira merupakan permasalahan yang rumit oleh karena dipengaruhi ketersediaan sampel, onset penyakit maupun sensitifitas dan spesifisitas pemeriksaan, seroprevalensi populasi. Pemeriksaan secara konvensional adalah mikroskop secara langsung, kultur, dan metode microscopic agglutination test (MAT) yang secara luas digunakan sebagai standar rujukan, namun pemeriksaan tersebut memiliki banyak keterbatasan. Berbagai macam tes serologi yang baru dan metode yang berbasis molekuler telah dikembangkan.

Keywords


Diagnosis; Laboratorik; Leptospirosis; Diagnostic; Laboratory; Leptospirosis

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mmjkk.v6i1.1890

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