Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Centella asiatica (L.) Urban terhadap Jumlah Leukosit dan Prosentase Limfosit Mencit Balb/c Diinfeksi Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract

Demam tifoid adalah infeksi akut saluran pencernaan disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhimurium. Centella asiatica mengandung triterpenoid yang memiliki daya anti bakteri dan dapat meningkatkan fagositosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun C. asiatica terhadap jumlah leukosit dan persentase limfosit pada mencit Balb/c yang diinfeksi S. typhimurium. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental murni dengan posttest-only control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah 21 ekor mencit Balb/c, dibagi 7 kelompok (n=3), kelompok K1 (tidak diinfeksi), kelompok K2 (diinfeksi S. typhimurium tanpa diberi ekstrak), kelompok perlakuan (P1: ekstrak daun C. asiatica 125 mg/kgBB, P2: 250 mg/kgBB, P3: 500 mg/kgBB, P4: kloramfenikol 1.3 mg, P5: kloramfenikol 0,975 mg dan ekstrak daun C. asiatica 125 mg/kgBB). Rata-rata jumlah leukosit tertinggi sebesar 2,14.104±5,196.103 (kelompok K2) dan terendah sebesar 9,067.103±1,554.103 (kelompok K1). Rata-rata persentase limfosit tertinggi sebesar 79±3.46 (kelompok K2) dan terendah sebesar 59.33±6.03 (kelompok P3). Uji Kruskal Wallis terhadap leukosit dan limfosit didapatkan hasil p>0.05. Uji Mann Whitney didapatkan hasil adanya perbe-daan yang signifikan antara persentase limfosit kelompok P3 dengan kelompok K2 (p<0.05). Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun C. asiatica tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah leukosit dan persentase limfosit pada mencit Balb/c yang diinfeksi S. typhimurium.

Typhoid fever is acute infection in gastrointestinal track caused by Salmonella typhimurium. Centella asiatica contains triterpenoid which has antibacterial effect and can increase phagocytosyst. This study aimed to determine the effect of C. asiatica leaves extract toward leukocyte count and lymphocyte percentage in Balb/c mice infected with S. typhimurium. This study was experimental with posttest-only group design. The subjects of this study were 21 Balb/c mice which divided into 7 groups (n=3). They were K1: negative control (were not infected), K2: positive control (infected without extract), P1: given 125, P2: 250 and P3: 500 mg/ kgBW of C. asiatica leaves extract, P4: given 1.3 mg of chloramphenicol, and P5: given combination of 125 mg/kgBW C. asiatica leaves extract and 0.975 mg of chloramphenicol. The leukocyte count in blood was obtained using hemocytometer. This result show that the highest average leukocyte count was 2,14.104±5,196.103 (K2 group) and the lowest of it was 9,067.103±1,554.103 (K1 group). The highest average lymphocyte percentage was 79.00±3.46 (K2 group) and the lowest was 59.33±6.03 (P3 group). Kruskal Wallis test for leukocyte count and lymphocyte percentage gave result p>0.05. Mann Whitney test the finding was significant difference between lymphocyte percentage of P3 group and K2 group (p<0.05). It was con¬cluded that there was no significant effect of oral administration of C. asiatica leaves extract toward leukocyte count and lymphocyte percentage in Balb/c mice infected with S. typhimurium.