Taxing Celebrity Social Media Endorsements Income: A Preliminary Study of Instagram Celebrities

Afrizal Tahar, Listya Maharani Rizkia, Eko Hariyanto

Abstract


This study investigates how tax treatment should be done for a celebrity of Instagram (Celebgram) income obtained from endorsement activities on social media. In detail, this study aims to find out how income from endorsement can be used as taxable income as well as to discover how a possible collection strategy can be executed. In addition, this study explores the perceptions of celebgrams regarding the application of tax to their endorsement income. Semi-structured interview was employed to obtain the data. Informants of the current study are tax official, tax consultants, tax academics, information technology experts, and five celebgrams. The results of this study reveal that celebgram income from endorsement can be taxable in the categories of income tax and value-added tax. The majority of the celebgrams agree if their income from endorsement would be taxed on as far as the level of fair and clear treatment. Furthermore, endorsement tax collection needs a special unit and support by a capable employee and adequate information technology.


Keywords


Celebrity; Endorsement; Income; Instagram; Tax

Full Text:

PDF

References


Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1975). A Bayesian analysis of attribution processes. Psychological bulletin, 82(2), 261-277. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0076477

Alshira'h, A. F., & Abdul-Jabbar, H. (2019). The effect of tax fairness on sales tax compliance among Jordanian manufacturing SMEs. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 23(2), 1-11. Retrieved from https://www.abacademies.org/articles/the-effect-of-tax-fairness-on-sales-tax-compliance-among-jordanian-manufacturing-smes-8091.html

Andreas, & Savitri, E. (2015). The effect of tax socialization, tax knowledge, expediency of tax ID number and service quality on taxpayers compliance with taxpayers awareness as mediating variables. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 211, 163-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.11.024

Ansah, S. (2019). Pangsa Pasar E-Commerce Indonesia Tembus USD40 Miliar (Indonesia's E-Commerce Market Share Reaches USD40 Billion). Retrieved from https://www.makassarinside.com/pangsa-pasar-e-commerce-indonesia-tembus-usd40-miliar/#:~:text=Makassarinside.com%2C%20Jakarta%20%E2%80%93%20Pangsa,rata%2Drata%2049%25%20setahun

Azmi, A. A. C., Zainuddin, S., Mustapha, M. Z., & Nawi, Y. (2016). The Mediating Effect of Tax Fairness on the Relationship Between Knowledge, Complexity and Voluntary Tax Compliance. Asian Journal of Accounting Perspectives, 9(1), 1-12. https://ajap.um.edu.my/article/download/5897/3613/

Bhutta, Z. M., Rasheed, R., & Khan, A. B. (2019). Psychological Factors Affecting Tax Compliance Behavior of Pakistani Tax Payer: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 39(4), 1453-1464. Retrieved from http://pjss.bzu.edu.pk/website/journal/article/5ed2b115245dc/page

Cahyono, A. S. (2016). The influence of social media on social change in Indonesia. Jurnal Publiciana, 9(1), 140-157. Retrieved from http://jurnal-unita.org/index.php/publiciana/article/view/79

Chen, K.-S., & Tsai, H. (2018). Taxing the rich policy, evasion behavior, and portfolio choice: A sustainability perspective. Cogent Business & Management, 5(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2018.1526362

Cooper, D., & Schindler, P. (2014). Business Research Methods. The McGraw− Hill Companies.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. California: Sage Publication.

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. California: Sage publications.

Damopolii, I. N. (2017). Pajak Penghasilan Pada Kegiatan Youtuber Dan Selebgram Dalam Penggunaan Media Sosial Berdasarkan Undang Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pajak Penghasilan. Lex Privatum, 5(3), 67-72. Retrieved from https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/lexprivatum/article/view/15870

Eriksson, P., & Kovalainen, A. (2008). Qualitative research in business studies. London: Sage Publication.

Febiyan, A. (2015). Pengertian Instagram dan Keistimewaanya (Understanding Instagram and Its Features). Retrieved from https://www.dumetdevelopment.com/blog/pengertian-instagram-dan-keistimewaannya

Fritz, H. (1958). The psychology of interpersonal relations. New York: John Wiley.

Hardeman, W., Johnston, M., Johnston, D., Bonetti, D., Wareham, N., & Kinmonth, A. L. (2002). Application of the theory of planned behaviour in behaviour change interventions: A systematic review. Psychology and Health, 17(2), 123-158. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870440290013644a

Hasibuhan, L. S. (2019). Curahan Hati Youtuber yang Masih Kebingungan Soal Pajak (Youtubers Still Confused about the Tax). Retrieved from https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20190113122455-4-50410/curahan-hati-youtuber-yang-masih-kebingungan-soal-pajak

Hasseldine, J., Hite, P., James, S., & Toumi, M. (2007). Persuasive communications: Tax compliance enforcement strategies for sole proprietors. Contemporary Accounting Research, 24(1), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.1506/P207-004L-4205-7NX0

Hastuti, S., Suryaningrum, D. H., Susilowati, L., & Muchtolifah. (2014). Implementation of Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior on the Adoption of E-Filling Systems Taxation Policy in Indonesia. Expert Journal of Business and Management, 2(1), 1-8. Retrieved from http://business.expertjournals.com/ark:/16759/EJBM_201hastuti2014pp1-8.pdf

Hifani, N. (2015). Terpisah dari Kementerian Keuangan, IRAS Lebih Leluasa. Retrieved from https://www.majalahpajak.net/terpisah-dari-kementerian-keuangan-iras-lebih-leluasa/

Indah, N. P. I. P., & Setiawan, P. E. (2020). The Effect of Tax Awareness, Taxation Sanctions, and Application of E-Filing Systems In Compliance With Personal Taxpayer Obligations. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research, 4(3), 440-446. Retrieved from https://www.ajhssr.com/the-effect-of-tax-awareness-taxation-sanctions-and-application-of-e-filing-systems-in-compliance-with-personal-taxpayer-obligations-2/

J

imenez, P., & Iyer, G. S. (2016). Tax compliance in a social setting: The influence of social norms, trust in government, and perceived fairness on taxpayer compliance. Advances in Accounting, 34, 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2016.07.001

Keegan, B. J., & Rowley, J. (2017). Evaluation and decision making in social media marketing. Management Decision, 55(1), 15-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2015-0450

Krueger, N. F., & Carsrud, A. L. (1993). Entrepreneurial intentions: Applying the theory of planned behaviour. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 5(4), 315-330. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985629300000020

Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2015) Interviews: Learning the Craft of Qualitative Research Interviewing. 3rd Edition. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA.

Malik, M. S., & Younus, S. (2019). Determinants of Tax-Compliance Behaviour Explored by Slippery Slope Framework and Theory of Planned Behaviour: An Evidence from Small Business Owner. Journal of Management Sciences, 6(2), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.20547/jms.2014.1906203

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1992). Qualitative data analysis. USA: Sage Publication.

Mukhlis, I., Utomo, S. H., & Soesetio, Y. (2015). The role of taxation education on taxation knowledge and its effect on tax fairness as well as tax compliance on handicraft SMEs sectors in Indonesia. International Journal of Financial Research, 6(4), 161-169. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v6n4p161

Musimenta, D. (2020). Knowledge requirements, tax complexity, compliance costs and tax compliance in Uganda. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1812220

Noronha, C., & Vinten, G. (2003). Taxation of ecommerce in Hong Kong: applying UK and US experience. Managerial Auditing Journal, 18(9), 702-709. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900310500451

Obert, S., Rodgers, K., Tendai, M. J., & Desderio, C. (2018). Effect of e-tax filing on tax compliance: A case of clients in Harare, Zimbabwe. African Journal of Business Management, 12(11), 338-342. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2018.8515

OkeFinance. (2019). Membedah Gelimang Penghasilan Selebgram Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.economy.okezone.com/read/2019/02/14/320/2017981/membedah-gelimang-penghasilan-selebgram-indonesia

Palil, M. R., Akir, M., & Ahmad, W. (2013). The perception of tax payers on tax knowledge and tax education with level of tax compliance: a study the influences of religiosity. ASEAN Journal of Economics. Management and Accounting, 1(1), 118-129. Retrieved from http://fem.ipb.ac.id/miicema/e-journal/v1n1/8.pdf

Paramaduhita, A. V., & Mustikasari, E. (2018). Non-employee individual taxpayer compliance. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 3(1), 112-122. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-06-2018-0007

Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods: Sage Publications.

Pitaloka, L. K., Kardoyo, K., & Rusdarti, R. (2018). The socialization of tax as a moderation variable towards the taxpayer compliance of industrial performer in kudus regency. Journal of Economic Education, 7(1), 45-51. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jeec/article/view/24059

Purba, D. H. P., Simanjuntak, M., Rumapea, M., Sembiring, Y. N., Siahaan, S. B., Goh, T. S., & Purba, E. N. (2019). The Effect of Implementation of E-Filing System on Taxpayer Compliance with the Understanding of the Internet. Paper presented at the 2019 International Conference of Computer Science and Information Technology (ICoSNIKOM). Retrieved from https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/conhome/9107303/proceeding

Rahman, I. A., & Panuju, R. (2017). Communication Strategy for Fair N Pink Product Marketing through Instagram Social Media. WACANA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Komunikasi, 16(2), 214-224. https://doi.org/10.32509/wacana.v16i2.26

Savitri, E., & Musfialdy. (2016). The effect of taxpayer awareness, tax socialization, tax penalties, compliance cost at taxpayer compliance with service quality as mediating variable. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 219, 682-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.051

Sayidah, N., & Assagaf, A. (2019). Tax amnesty from the perspective of tax official. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1659909

Sebele-Mpofu, F. Y. (2020). Governance quality and tax morale and compliance in Zimbabwe’s informal sector. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1794662

Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Siahaan, F. O. (2012). The influence of tax fairness and communication on voluntary compliance: trust as an intervening variable. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(21), 191-198. Retrieved from http://www.ijbssnet.com/journals/Vol_3_No_21_November_2012/20.pdf

Situmorang, A. (2019). Ini Alasan Youtuber dan Selebgram Mangkir Bayar Pajak (This is the reason why YouTuber and Celebrity are absent from paying taxes). Retrieved from https://www.merdeka.com/uang/ini-alasan-youtuber-dan-selebgram-mangkir-bayar-pajak.html

Sofyani, H., Akbar, R., & Ferrer, R. C. (2018). 20 Years of Performance Measurement System (PMS) Implementation in Indonesian Local Governments: Why is Their Performance Still Poor?. Asian Journal of Business and Accounting, 11(1), 151-227. https://doi.org/10.22452/ajba.vol11no1.6

Sofyani, H., Riyadh, H. A., & Fahlevi, H. (2020). Improving service quality, accountability and transparency of local government: The intervening role of information technology governance. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1735690

Sofyani, H., Tahar, A., & Murtin, A. (2019). Perpajakan di Indonesia (Taxation in Indonesia). Yogyakarta: Baskara Media.

Solichah, N. N., & Soewarno, N. (2019). The Effect of E-Filing Implementation, Level of Tax Comprehension, and Tax Sanction on Formal Compliance of Individual Taxpayer. Paper presented at the 2018 International Conference on Islamic Economics and Business (ICONIES 2018). Retrieved from https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/iconies-18

Sutrisno, T., & Dularif, M. (2020). National culture as a moderator between social norms, religiosity, and tax evasion: Meta-analysis study. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2020.1772618

Tambun, S., & Kopong, Y. (2017). The Effect of E-Filing on The of Compliance Individual Taxpayer Moderated By Taxation Socialization. South East Asia Journal of Contemporary Business, Economics and Law, 13(1), 45-51. Retrieved from http://www.seajbel.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ACC-267.pdf

Tung, L. C. (2011). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention of engineering students. City University of Hongkong: Run Run Shaw Library, 11(1), 67-86. Retrieved https://scholars.cityu.edu.hk/en/theses/theses(5b5fccf9-280b-4df0-a3c2-61ea70ea35ea).html

Utami, M. A., Lestari, M. T., & Putri, B. P. S. (2016). Analysis of Marketing Communication Strategy of Telkom University in 2015/2016 through social media Instagram. eProceedings of Management, 3(1), 859–866. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/299906057.pdf

Virtanen, H., Björk, P., & Sjöström, E. (2017). Follow for follow: marketing of a start-up company on Instagram. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 24(3), 468-484. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-12-2016-0202

Vousinas, G. L. (2017). Shadow economy and tax evasion. The Achilles heel of Greek economy. Determinants, effects and policy proposals. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 20(4), 386-404. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmlc-11-2016-0047

Wijaya, F., & Sugiharto, S. (2015). Pengaruh Celebrity Endorsement Terhadap Purchase Intention Denganbrand Image Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Kasus Iklan Produk Perawatan Kecantikan Pond’s). Jurnal Manajemen Pemasaran, 9(1), 16-22. https://doi.org/10.9744/pemasaran.9.1.16-22

Yuniarta, G. A., & Purnamawati, I. G. A. (2020). Spiritual, psychological and social dimensions of taxpayers compliance. Journal of Financial Crime, 27(3), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfc-03-2020-0045

Yusup, M., Hardiyana, A., & Sidharta, I. (2015). User acceptance model on e-billing adoption: A study of tax payment by government agencies. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(4), 150-157. Retrieved from http://www.apjmr.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/APJMR-2015-3.4.5.19.pdf

Yusup, M., Rais, N. S. R., & Sari, Y. K. (2018). Representasi Pemasaran Melalui Majalah Mini Menggunakan Media Sosial Instagram. Journal Cerita, 4(1), 63-75. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33050/cerita.v4i1.629

Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2013). Business research methods. Boston: Cengage Learning.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jai.2103167

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Office:
Ruang Jurnal Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis UMY
Gedung Ki Bagus Hadikusuma (E4) Lantai 2, Kampus Terpadu Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Jalan Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55183
Website: journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/ai - E-mail: jai@umy.ac.id

Journal of Accounting and Investment is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License

View My Stats