Indonesia’s Maritime Axis and the Security of Sea Lanes of Communications (SLOCs) in the Indo-Pacific

I Gusti Bagus Dharma Agastia, Anak Agung Banyu Perwita

Abstract


This article tries to elaborate the strategic position of Indo-Pacific in the current international relations. This region has become a new crucial theatre for the global sea lanes of communication. As a littoral country in the Indo-Pacific, Indonesia relies heavily on the SLOCs in the Indo-Pacific. Indonesia, as a developing economy, requires a steady supply in oil and gas from the Gulf. A sudden disturbance in oil resources would have a catastrophic effect on energy security in Indonesia, which could lead to other security implications. Indonesia has mostly been active in safeguarding the Malacca Strait, one vital SLOC in the Indo-Pacific. This article also elaborates President Jokowi’s maritime axis as a guarantor of maritime security not only in Southeast Asia, but the entire Indo-Pacific.

Keywords


maritime security; maritime axis; sea lanes of communications

Full Text:

PDF

References


Acharya, A. (2007). Maritime terrorist threat in Southeast Asia. In K. C. Guan, & J. K. Skogan (Eds.), Maritime Security in Southeast Asia (pp. 78-93). New York: Routledge.

Agastia, I. G., & Perwita, A. A. (2015, September). ‘Act East’ and ‘Maritime Axis’ A Strategic Convergence between India and Indonesia. Retrieved from Diplomatist: http://www.diplomatist.com/dipo201509/article006.html

Amri, A. A. (2015, January 15). Is Indonesia’s ‘Sink the Vessels’ Policy Legal? Retrieved from The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2015/01/is-indonesias-sink-the-vessels-policy-legal/

Antara News. (2012, January 20). Taiwan investment in Indonesia improving. Retrieved from Antara News: http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/79331/news-focus-taiwaninvestment-in-indonesia-improving

Antara News. (2015, January 22). Keterbatasan SDM kendala industri perkapalan. Retrieved from Antara News: http://www.antaranews.com/berita/475643/keterbatasan-sdm-kendalaindustri-perkapalan

Channel News Asia. (2015, May 21). Beijing voices concern after Indonesia sinks Chinese boat. Retrieved from Channel News Asia: http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/beijing-voicesconcern/1863256.html

China Energy Group. (2014). Key China Energy Statistics 2014. California: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Choi, S.-j. (2005). The Politics of the Dokdo Issue. Journal of East Asian Studies, 5(3), 465-494.

Frankel, F. R. (2011). The Breakout of China-India Strategic Rivalry in Asia and the Indian Ocean. Journal of International Affairs, 64(2).

Hatta, M. (1953). Indonesia’s Foreign Policy. Foreign Affairs, 31(3), 441-452.

International Maritime Bureau. (2015). Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships. London: International Maritime Bureau.

Jakarta Globe. (2015, January 1). Hopes for Shipbuilding Sail on the Horizon. Retrieved from Jakarta Globe: http://thejakartaglobe.beritasatu.com/business/hopes-for-shipbuildingsailon-the-horizon/

Jakarta Post. (2013, August 14). Shipbuilders struggle to meet production targets. Retrieved from Jakarta Post: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/08/14shipbuildersstrugglemeet-production-targets.html

Jakarta Post. (2015, May 20). RI flexes muscle, sinks Chinese boat, a big one. Retrieved from Jakarta Post: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/05/20/ri-flexes-muscle-sinkschinese-boat-a-big-one.html

Kementerian BUMN. (2014, October 31). PAL Indonesia – BPPT, Bahas Revitalisasi Industri Perkapalan. Retrieved from BUMN: http://www.bumn.go.id/pal/berita/119/PAL.INDONESIA..BPPT,.Bahas.Revitalisasi.Industri.Perkapalan

Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. (2013a). Kajian Supply Demand Energi 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral.

Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral. (2013b). Kajian Indonesia Energy Outlook 2013. Jakarta: Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral.

Lee, H. L. (2015). Indonesia seen as taking steps to abolish shipbuilding taxes. Retrieved from Seatrade Maritime: http://www.seatrademaritime.com/news/europe/indonesia-seen-as-takingsteps-toabolish-shipbuilding-taxes.html

Michel, D., & Sticklor, R. (Eds.). (2012). Indian Ocean Rising: Maritime Security and Policy Challenges. Washington DC: Stimson.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2015, February 25). Menlu RI: Melalui Keketuaan IORA, Indonesia Perkuat Poros Maritim. Retrieved from Ministry of Foreign Affairs Indonesia: http://www.kemlu.go.id/Pages/News.aspx?IDP=7255&l=id

Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. (2015, January 27). MENTERI SUSI: ILLEGAL FISHING TIDAK BISA DIKOMPROMI DAN HARUS DI STOP. Retrieved from Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries: http://kkp.go.id/index.php/berita/menteri-susi-illegal-fishing-tidakbisa-dikompromi-dan-harus-di-stop/

Natalegawa, M. (2013, May 20). An Indonesian perspective on the Indo-Pacific. Retrieved from The Jakarta Post: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2013/05/20/an-indonesianperspective-indo-pacific.html

National Institute for Defense Studies. (2015). East Asian Strategic Review 2015. Tokyo: National Institute for Defense Studies.

Nelson, B., & Sulaiman, Y. (2015, April-June). The implications of Jokowi’s global maritime axis. Retrieved from Strategic Review: http://www.sr-indonesia.com/in_the_journal/view/the-implicationsof-jokowi-s-global-maritime-axis?pg=all

Parameswaran, P. (2015, 28 2015). China and Indonesia Under Jokowi: Show Me The Money. Retrieved from The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2015/01/china-and-indonesia-under-jokowishow-me-the-money/

Raymond, C. Z. (2009). Piracy and Armed Robbery in the Malacca Strait: A Problem Solved? Naval War College Review, 62(2), 31-42.

Reuters. (2015a, November 4). ASEAN defense chiefs fail to agree on South China Sea statement. Retrieved from Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-asean-malaysia-statementidUSKCN0ST07G2015110421

Reuters. (2015b, November 11). Indonesia says could also take China to court over South China Sea. Retrieved from Reuters: http://www.reuters.com/article/us-southchinasea-china-indonesiaidUSKCN0T00VC20151111

Saunders, P. C. (2005). Long-term Trends in China-Taiwan Relations: Implications for U.S. Taiwan Policy. Asian Survey, 45(6), 970-991.

Shekar, V., & Liow, J. C. (2014, November). Indonesia as a Maritime Power: Jokowi’s Vision, Strategies, and Obstacles Ahead. Retrieved from Brookings: http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2014/11/indonesia-maritime-liow-shekhar

Song, Y.-h. (2005). Security in the Strait of Malacca and the Regional Maritime Security Initiative: Responses to the US Proposal. International Law Studies, 83, 97-156.

Southgate, l. (2015, July 8). Piracy in the Malacca Strait: Can ASEAN Respond? Retrieved from The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2015/07/piracy-in-the-malacca-strait-can-asean-respond/Tempo. (2013, June 21). PT PAL: Kerja Sama dengan Korea SelatanRugikan RI. Retrieved from Tempo: http://nasional.tempo.co/read/news/2013/06/21/078490169/PT-PAL-Kerja-Sama-dengan-Korea-Selatan-Rugikan-RI

Thayer, C. (2014, December 18). Indonesia: Playing with Fire in the South China Sea. Retrieved from The Diplomat: http://thediplomat.com/2014/12/indonesia-playing-with-fire-in-thesouth-china-sea/

The Economist. (2014, November 29). The ungoverned seas. Retrieved from The Economist: http://www.economist.com/news/middleeast-and-africa/21635049-waters-around-somalia-are-calmerpiracy-west-africa-rising

The Guardian. (2014, November 20). North Korea threatens nuclear test and ‘unlimited’ increase in military after UN vote. Retrieved from The Guardian: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/20/north-korea-threatens-nuclear-test-increase-military-un

The Hindu. (2013, October 12). PM concludes visit to Brunei, Indonesia. Retrieved from The Hindu: http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/pm-concludes-visit-to-brunei-indonesia/article5228149.ece

The Jakarta Post. (2015a, April 28). 1st time in history, China on top-10 investors list. Retrieved from The Jakarta Post: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/04/28/1st-time-history-chinatop-10-investors-list.html

The Jakarta Post. (2015b, September 7). RI anticipates risk of dispute in South China Sea. Retrieved from The Jakarta Post: http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/09/07/ri-anticipates-riskdispute-south-china-sea.html

The New Indian Express. (2014, March 23). Tiger Outsmarts Dragon in Andaman Waters. Retrieved from The New Indian Express: http://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/Tiger-Outsmarts-Dragon-in-Andaman-Waters/2014/03/23/article2124696.ece#.Uy68i_mSyno

The Straits Times. (2014, December 17). Symbolism of blown-up fishing boats. Retrieved from The Straits Times: http://www.straitstimes.com/news/opinion/more-opinion-stories/story/symbolism-blown-fishing-boats-20141217?page=1

The Taipei Times. (2013, October 9). China able to attack Taiwan by 2020: report. Retrieved from The Taipei Times: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2013/10/09/2003574061

U.S. Energy Information Administration. (2014). East China Sea. Retrieved from EIA: http://www.eia.gov/beta/international/regionstopics. cfm?RegionTopicID=ECS

Umaña, F. (2013). Transnational Security threats in the Straits of Malacca. Washington DC: The Fund for Peace.

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. (2013). Review of Maritime Transport 2013. New York: UNCTAD Secretariat.

Valencia, M. J. (2007). The Politics of Anti-Piracy and Anti-Terrorism Responses in Southeast Asia. In G. G. Ong-Webb (Ed.), Piracy, Maritime Terrorism and Securing the Malacca Straits (pp. 84-102). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.

Vavro, C. (2008). Piracy, Terrorism, and the Balance of Power in the Malacca Strait. Canadian Naval Review, 4(1), 13-17.

Weatherby, C. (2015, May 11). Indonesia’s Global Maritime Nexus: Implications For Illegal Fishing. Retrieved from Stimson: http://www.stimson.org/spotlight/indonesias-global-maritime-nexusimplications-for-illegal-fishing/

World Bank. (2014, February 19). Moving Cargo Faster in Indonesia’s Main Sea Port. Retrieved from The World Bank: http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/02/19/moving-cargofaster-in-indonesia-main-sea-port




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.2016.0081.10-21

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2016 Jurnal Hubungan Internasional

 Jurnal Hubungan Internasional Indexed by:

      


Editorial Office of Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 

Ki Bagus Hadikusumo Building, E4, 1st floor, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Jl. Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, 55183, Indonesia
jurnalhi@umy.ac.id ariekusumapaksi@umy.ac.id

 


Jurnal Hubungan Internasional in collaboration with:

   


Creative Commons License   

Jurnal Hubungan Internasional is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

View My Stats