Colorism, Mimicry, and Beauty Construction in Modern India

Authors

  • Baiq Wardhani "Universitas Airlangga"
  • Era Largis Airlangga University
  • Vinsensio Dugis Airlangga University, Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.62118

Keywords:

colorism, post-colonialism, beauty standardization

Abstract

Colorism adalah bentuk politik warna kulit. Mempertahankan warna berarti melestarikan politik diskriminasi. Di negara pasca-kolonial India, warna kulit menjadi simbol kekayaan dan kelas sosial. Praktik ini terkait dengan globalisasi dan kapitalisme, dan dilestarikan di dalam struktur sosial. Tulisan ini menjelaskan praktik diskriminasi dan penindasan pada wanita poskolonial India yang berdampak pada perubahan cara berpikir dan identifikasi diri terkait dengan warna kulit. Penulis berpendapat bahwa banyak wanita di negara poskolonial berasumsi bahwa warna kulit menentukan status sosial dengan menginternalisasi keyakinan bahwa orang kulit putih lebih disukai secara sosial. Sejalan dengan asumsi dalam studi poskolonial yang menempatkan masyarakat adat sebagai subyek perifer. Persoalan kompleks yang diciptakan selama era kolonial pada dasarnya tidak lenyap di era poskolonial. Salah satu konsekuensi dari mengubah identifikasi diri adalah munculnya pewarnaan kulit dalam bentuk pemutihan kulit, yang kemudian menjadi fenomena umum yang berkembang di negara-negara berpenduduk kulit berwarna yang memiliki sejarah kolonialisme Barat. Penggunaan pemutih kulit yang meluas oleh perempuan dan laki-laki di negara-negara berkulit berwarna adalah keberhasilan kapitalisme dalam mengeksploitasi kepercayaan diri yang rendah di antara orang-orang dari negara-negara kulit berwarna. Standar kecantikan Barat adalah bentuk kekerasan struktural dengan cara menghilangkan karakteristik budaya unik dengan mengubah gagasan bahwa putih adalah warna yang ideal.

 

Colorism is a politics of skin color. Maintaining color is preserving the politics of discrimination. However, in the post-colonial country of India, skin color is a symbol of wealth and social class. This practice is related to globalization and capitalism, and is preserved in social structures. This paper explains the practices of discrimination and oppression in Indian postcolonial women that have an impact on changing ways of thinking and self-identification related to skin color. We argue that many women in the postcolonial state adopt the assumption that skin color determines social status by internalizing the belief that whites are socially preferred that justifies a key element in the post-colonial study on the observation of the process by which indigenous peoples are placed as peripheral subjects. The complex inferiority created during the colonial era basically does not disappear in the postcolonial era. One consequence of changing self-identification is the emergence of colorism in the form of skin bleaching, which then becomes a common phenomenon that develops in colored populated countries that have Western history. The widespread use of whitening skins by female and male in non-white skinned countries is the success of capitalism in exploiting poor self-confidence among the people of the colored nations. Western beauty standards are a form of structural violence since they have removed the unique cultural characteristics by changing the idea that white is the ideal color.

Author Biographies

Baiq Wardhani, "Universitas Airlangga"

Baiq Wardhani is a lecturer at the Departement of International Relations, Faculty of Social and Political Studies, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya. She completed bechelor degree for the same faculty in 1987. She completed Masters of Arts and Doctor of Philosophy from Monash University, Australia in 1996 and 2006 respectively. She teaches many courses: Introduction to International Studies; Theory of International Relations; Cosmopolitanism, Nationalism and Fundamentalism; Society, Politics, and Culture of Australia and South Pacific. Her research interest is on identity and human security issues. Google Scholar

Era Largis, Airlangga University

Era Largis is  graduated from the Department of International Relations, Airlangga University, Surabaya

Vinsensio Dugis, Airlangga University, Surabaya

DUGIS, Vinsensio Dugis (Ph.D. Flinders University, Australia 2006) Senior lecturer at the Department of International Relations and Head of ASEAN Studies Centre, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia. He served as the Deputy Dean for Development-Planning and Partnership of Faculty of Social and Political Sciences from 2007 to 2015. He is currently teaching the following courses: Introduction and Theory of International Relations; Foreign Policy Analysis, Strategy and Strategic Arrangement, Globalization and Strategy, Strategic Culture and Foreign Policy, Organization and International Business. He has written several books and among other are ‘Australian-Indonesian Relations since 1945: The Garuda and the Kangaroo’, Ashgate, 1998; ‘Domestic Politics and Public Influence on Foreign Policy: Indonesia’s Experience under the Leadership of President Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Soekarnoputri’, Lambert, 2017. Emails: vinsensio.dugis@fisip.unair.ac.id; vins.dugis@gmail.com

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Published

2018-03-01

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