Kebijakan Sawit Uni Eropa dan Tantangan bagi Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/hi.81150Keywords:
palm oil industry, economic diplomacy, Indonesia-EU relationAbstract
Palm oil industry in Indonesia is currently facing a major challenge which began with the European Union Parliamentary Resolution on Palm Oil and Deforestation of Rainforest. Later, the European Commission ratifying the Delegated Regulation No. C (2019) 2055 Final on High and Low ILUC Risk Criteria on Biofuels. It was accused as a form of discrimination against palm oil and contained political motives as well as business competition considering the Indonesia's palm oil products are in accordance with international regulations and sustainable development goals. Therefore, a strategy for palm oil diplomacy is needed to counter this discrimination. For this reasons, Indonesian diplomacy need to provide an explanation to stakeholders in Europen Union and to carry out a regional and multilateral economic diplomacy. This paper will use qualitative methods to describe Indonesia's economic diplomacy in facing the European Union's efforts to reduce palm oil imports.References
All Africa. (2017). New EU Biofuel Rules Not Enough to Help People or the Planet. Dipetik Agustus 17, 2019, dari https://allafrica.com/stories/201806140456.html
Angraini, K. (2018, November 2). Bappenas: Industri Kelapa Sawit Serap 16,2 Juta Tenaga Kerja. Dipetik Agustus 6, 2019, dari https://bisnis.tempo.co/read/1142496/bappenas-industri-kelapa-sawit-serap-162-juta-tenaga-kerja/full&view=ok
Ardhian, M. (2017, April 10). Mendag Curigai Kepentingan Bisnis di Balik Resolusi Sawit Eropa. Dipetik Juli 9, 2019, dari https://katadata.co.id/berita/2017/04/10/mendag-curigai-kepentingan-bisnis-di-balik-resolusi-sawit-eropa
ASEAN. (2017, April 29). Chairman’s Statement 30th Asean Summit Manila: Partnering For Change, Engaging The World. Dipetik Agustus 7, 2019, dari https://asean.org/storage/2017/04/Chairs-Statement-of-30th-ASEAN-Summit_FINAL.pdf
Badan Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Kebijakan-BPPK. (2017). Diplomasi Sawit. Diambil kembali dari Kementerian Luar Negeri.
Basara, D. (2019, April 9). Jokowi, Mahathir Tell Brussels to Get Ready for Retaliation Over Discriminatory Palm Oil Restriction. Diambil kembali dari Jakarta Globe: https://jakartaglobe.id/context/jokowi-mahathir-tell-brussels-to-get-ready-for-retaliation-over-discriminatory-palm-oilrestriction/
Bayne, N., & Woolcock, S. (2007). The New Economic Diplomacy: Decision-Making and Negotiation in International Economic Relations. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Erman, E. (2017). Di Balik Keberlanjutan Sawit: Aktor, Aliansi Dalam Ekonomi Politik Sertifikasi Uni Eropa. Masyarakat Indonesia, 43(1).
European Commision. (2013). The Impact of EU Consumption on Deforestation: Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of EU Consumption on Deforestation. Diambil kembali dari http://ec.europa. eu/environment/forests/pdf/1.%20Report%20analysis% 20of%20impact.pdf
European Parliament. (2017, April 4). European Parliament Resolution of 4 April 2017 on Palm Oil and Deforestation of Rainforests. Dipetik Juli 25, 2018, dari http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/ getDoc.do? pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P8-TA-2017-0098+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN
European Parliament. (2018). Directive (EU) 2018/2001 Of The European Parliament And Of The Council, of 11 December 2018. Dipetik Agustus 6, 2019, dari https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ ?uri=uriserv:OJ.L_.2018.328.01.0082.01.ENG&toc=OJ:L:2018:328:TOC
European Union. (2018, Juni 25). Palm Oil: Outcome of the Trilogue of the EU’s Renewable Energy Directive (RED II). Dipetik Juli 17, 2018, dari https://eeas.europa.eu/delegations/ indonesia/46646 /palm-oil-outcome-trilogue-eu%E2%80%99s-renewable-energy-directive-red-ii_en
Gumelar, G. (2017, Mei 9). Resolusi Sawit Uni Eropa Disinyalir Karena Persaingan Dagang. Dipetik Juli 4, 2019, dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20170509135906-92-213466/ resolusi-sawit-uni-eropa-disinyalir-karena-persaingan-dagang
Gumelar, G. (2017, Januari 26). RI Memenangkan Gugatan WTO Atas Bea Masuk Biodiesel Uni Eropa. Dipetik Juli 5, 2018, dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20180126103715-92-271717/ri-memenangkan-gugatan-wto-atas-bea-masuk-biodiesel-uni-eropa
Idris, M. (2017, April 18). Ekspor Sawit ke Eropa Dihambat, Apa Dampaknya Bagi RI? Dipetik Juli 4, 2018, dari https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-3477946/ekspor-sawit-ke-eropa-dihambat-apa-dampaknya-bagi-ri
Info Sawit. (2017). Indonesia Banding di WTO, Terkait Anti Dumping Certain Fatty Alcohols di Uni Eropa. Dipetik Juli 5, 2018, dari https://www.infosawit.com/news/6529/indonesia-banding-di-wto--terkait-anti-dumping-certain-fatty-alcohols-di-ue
Info Sawit. (2018, Januari 31). 2017 Produksi Minyak Sawit Indonesia Capai 41,9 Juta Ton. Dipetik Agustus 6, 2019, dari https://www.infosawit.com/news/7672/2017-produksi-minyak-sawit-indonesia-capai-41-9-juta-ton
Jakarta Post. (2019, March 21). Indonesia Reviews CEPA After EU Proposes Cap On Palm Oil-Based Biofuels. Dipetik Agustus 7, 2019, dari https://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2019/03/21/indonesia-reviews-cepa-after-eu-proposes-cap-on-palm-oil-based-biofuels.html
Jakarta Post. (2019, April 8). Palm Oil Plan. Diambil kembali dari https://www.thejakartapost.com/news /2019/04/08/jokowi-mahathir-send-letter-of-objection-to-eu-over-palm-oil-plan.html
Julianto, P. A. (2017, Mei 3). Pemerintah Anggap Resolusi Sawit Uni Eropa Bermotif Bisnis. Dipetik Juli 9, 2018, dari https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2017/05/03 /100000326/ pemerintah. anggap.resolusi.sawit.uni.eropa.bermotif.bisnis
Kementerian Luar Negeri RI. (2017). Tanggapan atas Resolusi Parlemen Eropa Tentang Minyak Sawit. Diambil kembali dari https://www.kemlu.go.id/id/berita/Pages/Tanggapan-Atas-Resolusi-Parlemen-Eropa-Tentang-Minyak-Sawit-.aspx
Kusumaningtyas, A. S. (2017). Upaya Hambatan Non-Tarif oleh Uni Eropa terhadap Minyak Sawit Indonesia. Jurnal Hubungan Internasional. Dipetik Juli 21, 2019, dari http://repository.unair.ac.id/68023/1/Fis.HI.82.17%20.%20Kus.u%20-%20JURNAL.pdf
Lee, J. S. (t.thn.). 2014) Environmental impacts of large-scale oil palm enterprises exceed that of smallholdings in Indonesia. Conservation Letters. 7(1).
Palm Oil Today. (2018, Maret 12). Trilogue Negotiation to Determine Palm Biofuels Ban. Dipetik Juli 18, 2018, dari http://palmoiltoday.net/trilogue-negotiations-will-the-palm-biofuels-ban-prevail/
Policy Analysis and Development Agency. (2018). Palm Oil Diplomacy, Center for American and European Region. Diambil kembali dari Minister of Foreign Affairs of Republic of Indonesia.
Prabowo, E. (2017, Desember 5). Resolusi Sawit Parlemen Eropa yang Merugikan Indonesia. Dipetik Juli 4, 2018, dari https://ekonomi.kompas.com/read/2017/12/05/155319126/resolusi-sawit- parlemen-eropa-yang-merugikan-indonesia
Rifai, N. (2014). Dampak Pengembangan Produk Turunan Minyak Sawit terhadap Peningkatan Ekspor Produk Minyak Sawit Ke Pasar Amerika Serikat. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 32(2).
Rodrik, D. (2000). What Next for the WTO? The American Prospect, 11(5).
Sari, E. V. (2017, April 17). Menteri Perdagangan Berencana Bikin Standar Sertifikat Minyak Sawit. Dipetik Juli 13, 2018, dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ ekonomi/ 20170417163759-92-208126/mendag-berencana-bikin-standar-sertifikat-minyak-sawit
Sawit Indonesia. (2018, Januari 3). Produktivitas Sawit Tinggi Tetapi Efisien Penggunaan Lahan. Dipetik Juli 13, 2018, dari https://sawitindonesia.com/rubrikasi-majalah/berita-terbaru/produktivitas-sawit-tinggi-tetapi-efisien-penggunaan-lahan/
Sron, B. (2018, Maret 12). Trilogue Negotiation to Determine Palm
Biofuels Ban. Dipetik Juli 17, 2018, dari http://palmoiltoday.net/trilogue-negotiations-will-the-palm-biofuels-ban-prevail/
Suastha, R. D. (2017, Agustus 12). RI-Malaysia Lawan Resolusi Diskriminatif UE soal Sawit. Diambil kembali dari https://www.cnnindonesia.com/internasional/20170812031841-106-234173/ri-malaysia-lawan-resolusi-diskriminatif-ue-soal-sawit
Sutrisno, D. (2017, April 30). Indonesia Ajak Thailand Lawan Resolusi Sawit Eropa. Dipetik Juli 9, 2018, dari https://republika.co.id/berita/ekonomi/makro/17/04/30/op7f14382-indonesia-ajak-thailand-lawan-resolusi-sawit-eropa
Winarto, Y. (2017, Juni 10). RI Banding atas Produk Turunan Sawit di WTO. Dipetik Juli 9, 2018, dari https://industri.kontan.co.id/news/ri-banding-atas-produk-turunan-sawit-di-wto
World Resources Institute. (2017, Oktober 23). Technical Blog: Caveats to the 2016 Tree Cover Loss Data, Explained. Dipetik November 5, 2017, dari https://www.wri.org/blog/2017/10/technical-blog-caveats-2016-tree-cover-loss-data-explained
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
License
This journal is based on the work at journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jhi under license from Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. You are free to:
- Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms, which include the following:
- Attribution. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- Non-Commercial. You may not use the material for commercial purposes.
- No additional restrictions. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Copyright
The author should be aware that by submitting an article to this journal, the article's copyright will be fully transferred to Jurnal Hubungan Internasional. Authors are allowed to resend their manuscript to other journals or intentionally withdraw the manuscript only if both parties (Jurnal Hubungan Internasional and Authors) have agreed on the issue. Once the manuscript has been published, authors are allowed to use their published article under Jurnal Hubungan Internasional copyrights.
All authors are required to deliver the agreement of license transfer once they submit the manuscript to Jurnal Hubungan Internasional. By signing the agreement, the copyright is attributed to this journal to protect the intellectual material for the authors. Authors are allowed to share, copy and redistribute the material in any medium and in any circumstances to give appropriate credit and wide readership to the work.
