Patent Law and Its Enforcement in Indonesia, Japan and the USA

Endang Purwaningsih

doi:10.18196/jmh.20200138

Patent Law and Its Enforcement in Indonesia, Japan and the USA

Endang Purwaningsih

Abstract

The fundamental issues in the era of industrialization is the protection of patent rights and the enforcement of the patent law. In Indonesia, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) including patent tend to be violated with regard to foreign investment and transfer of technology issue. Therefore, as a member of the WTO, it is necessary for Indonesia to learn from other countries such as Japan and the United States of America, especially in terms of regulations. The purpose of this study is to find out the fundamental differences among Indonesia, Japan and America regarding the protection of patent rights and the enforcement of patent law. This research is a normative legal research. Data is collected from books, international journals, relevant laws and government regulations. The results show that the scope of patent protection in Japan, the United States and Indonesia has so far followed TRIPs and WTO provisions. Basically, Indonesia, Japan, and America have the same acquisition system, namely “first to file”. Historically before 2013 America has ever used “first to invent” system. Coverage of protection remains the same in the fields of technology and industry, but Japan extends the scope of patents to cover those produced by the employees and Indonesia also adopts this model. In term of enforcement, Indonesian patent law also develops a new appeal commission to settle patent disputes.

Keywords

comparative study; patent protection; law enforcement

Full Text:

PDF

References

Books:

Aplin, T. & Davis, J. (2013). Intellectual Property Law, Text, Cases and Materials. second edition. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.

Bakhri, S. (2012). Beban Pembuktian. Depok: Gramata.

Barnes, A. et.al. (2012). Law for Business. New York: Mc.Graw Hill Irwin.

Blair, R. D. & Cotter, T. F. (2005). Intellectual Property, Economic and Legal Dimensions of Rights and Remedies. USA: Cambridge University Press

Drahos, P. (2016). A Philosophy of Intellectual Property ed-1, (London: The Autralian National University, Canberra). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315263786.

Emanuel, S. L. (2013). Corporations and Other Business Entities. USA: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.

Firdausy, C. M. (2009). “Iptek Tidak Hanya di Tangan Pemimpin” in Sain dan Teknologi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Friedmann, L. (2002). Law in America: A Short History. New York: Modern Library Chronicles Book.

Gibbs, A. & DeMatteis, B. (2003). Essentials of Patents. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hariyani, I. (2010). Prodedur Mengurus HAKI yang Benar. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Yustisia.

Howe, H. R. (2013). “Property, Sustainability and Patent Law could the Stewardship Model facilitate the promotion of green technology?” in Concepts of Property in Intellectual Property Law, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press

Lakitan, B. (2009). “Teknologi Berorientasi Domestik” in Sain dan Teknologi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Lewis, A. (2012). Dasar-Dasar Hukum Bisnis. Bandung: Nusa Media.

Marzuki, P. M. (2007). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana.

Mertokusumo, S. (2006). Penemuan Hukum. Yogyakarta: Liberty.

Purwaningsih, E. (2015). Hukum Paten. Bandung: Mandar Maju.

Rifai, A. (2010). Penemuan Hukum oleh Hakim dalam Perspektif Hukum Progresif. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

Rowland, D. et. al. (2012). “The ‘As Such Exclusion, Patents and Computer Software,” in Information Technology Law. fourth edition. USA: Routledge.

Saidin, O. K. (2010). Aspek Hukum Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Cet. ke-7. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Saleh, M. (2011). Penerapan asas Peradilan. Yogyakarta: Graha Cendekia.

Soekanto, S. (2011), Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penegakan Hukum, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo.

Susanti, D.O. & Efendi, A. (2005). Penelitian Hukum (Legal Research). cet.2. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.

Journal Articles:

Daulay, Z. (2012). Konsep Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pengetahuan Tradisional Masyarakat Asli Tentang Obat di Indonesia. Jurnal Media Hukum, 19(2): 181-193.

Duffy, J. F. et. al. (2016). Statutory Domain and The Commercial Law of Intelectual Property. Virginia Law Review, 102(1): 1-77. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2599074.

Gans, J. S. et. al. (2017). Contracting Over the Disclosure of Scientific Knowledge: Intellectual Property and Academic Publication. Research Policy, 46(4): 820-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.02.005.

Gurkaynak, G. et. al. (2018). Intellectual Property Law and Practice in the Blochain Realm. Computer Law & Security Review, 34(4): 847-862. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2018.05.027

Koh, D. et. al. (2016). Labor Share Decline and Intellectual Property Products Capital, American Economic Association, February 29: 1-27. http://r-santaeulalia.net/pdfs/IPP-and-USLaborShare-short.pdf.

Lee, E. M. & Mei, D. C. (2016). Computer assited and/or implemented process and system for annoting and/or linking documents and data, optionally in an intellectual property management system. United States Patent, No.9.460.414: 1-45. https://patents.google.com/patent/US9460414B2/en.

O’Melinn, L. 2015. Property without Bounds and the Mythology of Common Law Copyright, Special Issues: Thinking and Rethingking Intellectual Property, (Studies in Law, Politics, and Society, Vol.67), Emerald Group Publishing Limited: 75-117. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1059-433720150000067004.

Rohaini. (2018). The Madrid Protocol: Mewujudkan Perlindungan Hukum yang Efektif Bagi Merek Terkenal di ASEAN. Jurnal Media Hukum, 25(1): 68-80.

Internet:

Use of Affidavits or Declarations Under 37 CFR 1.130 To Overcome Prior Art Rejections [R-07.2015].https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/s2155.html

Enhancement of the patent litigation system. https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/hokaisei/tokkyo/document/tokkyohoutou_kaiei_r010517/07.pdf

Outline of the Partial Revision of the Patent Act, etc. https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/system/laws/rule/hokaisei/document/tokkyohoutou_kaiei_260514/outline.pdf

Review of the Patent Litigation System. https://www.jpo.go.jp/system/laws/rule/hokaisei/tokkyo/document/tokkyohoutou_kaiei_r010517/07.pdf

The Act on the Partial Revision of the Patent Act and Other Acts (Act No. 3 of May 17, 2019. Accessed: https://www.jpo.go.jp/e/system/laws/rule/hokaisei/tokkyohoutou_kaiei_20190517.html

United States Patent and Trademark Office. Laws, regulations, Policies, procedures, guidance and training. https://www.uspto.gov/patent/laws-regulations-policies-procedures-guidance-and-training

Wikipedia, “Leahy-Smith America Invents Act”, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leahy-Smith_America_Invents_Act. [Accessed January 29, 2018].

www.uspto.gov, United States Code Title 35 – Patent . [Accessed April 11, 2017].

Thesis:

Muhammad, R.D. (2017). Perlindungan Paten Asing yang Telah Didaftarkan di Indonesia Ditinjau dari Aspek Hukum Internasional dan Hukum Nasional. Diploma Thesis, Univesitas Andalas, http://scholar.unand.ac.id/29167/.

Regulations:

WIPO. (1997). Agreement Between The World Intellectual Property Organization and The WTO (1995) and TRIPs Agreement (1994), Geneva.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jmh.20200138