Analisis Karakteristik Aliran Fluida Melewati Model Sayap Pesawat Swayasa
Abstract
Pesawat swayasa adalah pesawat eksperimental, di mana setidaknya 51% dari suku cadang pesawat dibuat oleh amatir dan tidak diproduksi di pabrik. Untuk itu tema penelitian ini adalah menentukan model sayap pesawat swayasa. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana karakteristik model sayap pesawat swayasa, berapakah koefisien lift (Cl) dan koefisien drag (Cd), dan bagaimana model sayap yang optimal dari pesawat swayasa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjawab permasalahan yang disebutkan di atas. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dan program eksperimen. Pendekatan eksperimental dilakukan di terowongan angin di Laboratorium Mekanika Fluida, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Hasanuddin, Gowa. Model sayap pesawat independen adalah model airfoil NACA 23012, dengan memodifikasi rasio ketebalan terhadap chord (t/c) pada t/c = 9%, t/c = 12%, dan t/c = 15%. Selanjutnya masing-masing model diberi perlakuan kecepatan aliran bebas (U) sebesar 40 m/s, dengan variasi angle of attack (α) -20˚, -15˚, -10˚, -5˚, 0˚, 5˚ , 10˚, 15 , dan 20. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan t/c ratio meningkatkan nilai Cl maksimum. Untuk nilai maksimum Cl diperoleh pada = 150 yaitu pada t/c = 9%, Cl = 1,4299, pada t/c = 12%, Cl = 1,4466, dan pada t/c = 15 %, Cl = 1,4979 . Cl/Cd maksimum sebesar 1,4999 diperoleh pada t/c = 15 % dan = 5˚, dengan demikian model sayap pesawat swayasa yang paling sesuai adalah model airfoil NACA 23012 dengan t/c = 15 %.
Homebuilt aircraft are experimental aircraft, of which at least 51% of the aircraft parts are amateur-built and not manufactured in factory. For this reason, the theme of this research is to determine the wing model of a homebuilt aircraft. The formulation of the problem in this study is how the characteristics of wing model of a homebuilt aircraft, how much is the lift coefficient (Cl) and drag coefficient (Cd), and what is the optimal model of the wing of a homebuilt aircraft. The purpose of this research is to answer the problems mentioned above. This research method uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental program approach. The experimental approach was carried out in a wind tunnel at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Gowa. The wing model of the independent aircraft is the NACA 23012 airfoil model, by modifying the thickness to chord ratio (t/c) at t/c = 9 %, t/c = 12 %, and t/c = 15 %. Furthermore, each model was treated with a freestream velocity (U) of 40 m/s, with variations in the angle of attack (α) -20˚, -15˚, -10˚, -5˚, 0˚, 5˚, 10˚, 15˚ , and 20˚. The results showed that the addition of the t/c ratio increased the maximum Cl value. For the maximum value of Cl obtained at = 150, namely at t/c = 9%, Cl = 1.4299, at t/c = 12 %, Cl = 1.4466, and at t/c = 15 %, Cl = 1 ,4979. The maximum Cl/Cd is of 1.4999 obtained at t/c = 15 % and α = 5˚, thus the most suitable homebuilt aircraft wing model is the NACA 23012 airfoil model with t/c = 15 %.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v5i2.13902
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