Pengaruh Torefaksi terhadap Pencucian Potassium dalam Konversi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit menjadi Bahan Bakar Padat Ramah Lingkungan

Ari Akbariyanto Wenas, Toto Hardianto

Abstract


Pada tahun 2018, 37,5 juta ton tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) diproduksi di Indonesia dan berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bakar padat. Namun, ada dua masalah utama dalam penggunaan TKKS sebagai bahan bakar padat, yaitu nilai kalor yang rendah dan kandungan kalium yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, EFB perlu melalui beberapa proses terlebih dahulu yaitu torrefaction dan washing. Namun, ketika torrefaksi dilakukan terlebih dahulu diperkirakan dapat mempengaruhi kinerja pelindian kalium. Metode studi literatur digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh torrefaksi terhadap pelindian kalium TKKS. Penelitian diawali dengan pengumpulan data torrefaction dan leaching dengan perlakuan perendaman dan pengadukan yang dilakukan pada TKKS dari berbagai sumber. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis dan disimpulkan menjadi 4 zona dekomposisi, yaitu zona rendah (100℃ ≤T<200℃ ), zona sedang (200℃ ≤T≤250℃ ), zona tinggi (250℃ <T≤330), dan zona ekstrem (T>330℃ ). Berdasarkan hasil analisis, TKKS pada zona rendah dan zona sedang dipilih sebagai zona yang sesuai untuk dilakukan torrefaksi pada TKKS karena nilai kalor TKKS dapat mencapai nilai kalor batubara peringkat Lignite A, sedangkan untuk zona sedang telah setara dengan batubara peringkat C sub-bituminus. Berdasarkan nilai kalor yang dapat dicapai dengan mempertimbangkan proses leaching yang tepat untuk diterapkan, torrefaksi pada 200℃  dianggap dapat menghasilkan produk torrefaksi yang optimal untuk TKKS. Kemudian, untuk menurunkan kadar kalium pada zona rendah dan sedang hingga suhu bias 230℃ , perlakuan perendaman terbukti dapat menurunkan kadar kalium rata-rata 52,2%. Untuk mengoptimalkan penurunan kandungan kalium, TKKS perlu direndam pada suhu lingkungan dengan perbandingan air cucian terhadap biomassa 30:1 selama minimal 15 menit.

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

In 2018, 37.5 million tons of palm oil empty fruit bunches (EFB) were produced in Indonesia and have the potential to be used as solid fuel. However, there are two main problems in using EFB as a solid fuel, which are low heating value and high potassium content. Therefore, EFB needs to go through several processes first, namely torrefaction and washing. However, when torrefaction is carried out first is thought to be able to affect the potassium leaching performance. The literature study method was used in this study to investigate the influence of the torrefaction on the potassium leaching of EFB. The research is begun by gathering data of torrefaction and leaching by soaked and stirred treatment, carried out on EFB from various sources. Then, the data is analyzed and concluded into 4 decomposition zones, namely the low zone (100℃≤T<200℃), the moderate zone (200℃≤T≤250℃), the high zone (250℃<T≤330℃), and the extreme zone (T>330℃). Based on the results of the analysis, TKKS in the low zone and the moderate zone are selected as the appropriate zone to do torrefaction on EFB because the heating value of EFB could achieve Lignite A rank coal heating value, while for the medium zone has been equivalent to sub-bituminous C rank coal. Based on the heating value that can be achieved while considering the right leaching process to be applied, torrefaction at 200℃ is considered could produce the optimal torrefaction products for EFB. Then, to reduce the potassium content in low and moderate zones to a refractive temperature of 230℃, the soaked treatment has been proven to reduce potassium content by an average of 52.2%. As for optimizing the reduction in the potassium content, EFB needs to be soaked at environmental temperatures with a ratio of washing water to the biomass of 30:1 for at least 15 minutes.


Keywords


Decomposition Zones Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) Leaching Torrefaction.

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v5i2.14109

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