Efek Temperatur terhadap Sifat Tarik Komposit Poliester Berpenguat Serat Daun Gewang
Abstract
Penggunaan serat sintetik dalam teknologi komposit selama beberapa dekade terakhir, mulai tergeser oleh hadirnya serat alam. Pemilihan serat alam sebagai filler pada material komposit polimer merupakan ide cerdas dalam menjaga lingkungan agar tidak tercemar. Namun, ketahanan komposit polimer berpenguat serat alam pada kondisi temperatur yang tinggi perlu dikaji. Ruang lingkup utama dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kekuatan tarik komposit pada kondisi lingkungan bersuhu tinggi.
Penelitian ini menggunakan resin polyester sebagai matrik, NaOH sebagai bahan untuk perlakuan kimia dan serat daun gewang. Panjang serat yang digunakan 5 cm dan diberikan perlakuan perendaman alkali 5% selama 1 jam. Rasio perbandingan jumlah serat dan matrik adalah 32%:68%. Spesimen uji dibentuk sesuai standar ASTM D-638. Selanjutnya, dikarakterisasi sifat tariknya dengan alat uji.
Sebelum uji tarik, spesimen uji dipanaskan dalam oven listrik dengan variasi temperatur 1000C, 1500C, dan 2000C selama 1 jam. Informasi yang berhasil dihimpun dari penelitian ini adalah kekuatan tarik tertinggi komposit poliester dengan penguat serat daun gewang, diperoleh pada komposit yang dipanaskan pada temperatur 1000C, sedangkan nilai terendah diperoleh pada komposit yang dipanaskan pada temperatur 2000C.
The use of synthetic fibers in composite technology over the last few decades has been replaced by the presence of natural fibers. The selection of natural fibers as filler in polymer composite materials is a smart idea in protecting the environment from being polluted. However, the resilience of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites at high temperature conditions needs to be studied. The main scope of this research is to study the tensile strength of composites in high temperature environmental conditions.
This research uses polyester resin as the matrix, NaOH as the material for chemical treatment and gewang leaf fiber. The length of the fiber used was 5 cm and was treated with 5% alkaline immersion for 1 hour. The ratio of the ratio of the amount of fiber and matrix is 32%:68%. The test specimen was shaped according to the ASTM D-638 standard. Furthermore, the tensile properties were characterized by using test equipment. Prior to the tensile test, the test specimen was heated in an electric oven with temperature variations of 1000C, 1500C, and 2000C for 1 hour.
The information that has been collected from this research is that the highest tensile strength of the polyester composite with leaf fiber reinforcement was obtained for the composite heated at a temperature of 1000C, while the lowest value was obtained for the composite which was heated at a temperature of 2000C.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v6i1.14806
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