Evaluasi Ketidakcocokan Ukuran Kursi Kuliah pada Perguruan Tinggi

Rela Adi Himarosa

Abstract


Furnitur ruang kuliah merupakan salah satu sarana fisik penunjang pembelajaran. Kesehatan manusia saat duduk sangat dipengaruhi oleh furnitur seperti meja dan kursi yang digunakan. Aktivitas mahasiswa di perguruan tinggi banyak di kelas dengan posisi duduk statis. Duduk dalam waktu yang lama merupakan salah satu faktor yang mampu menyebabkan gangguan muskuloskeletal terutama pada bagian punggung bawah. Gejala gangguan muskuloskeletal pada remaja menjadi faktor risiko yang signifikan untuk terjadinya gangguan muskuloskeletal saat dewasa. Hasil antropometri menunjukkan ketidakcocokan dimensi furnitur yang digunakan sehingga menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman, sakit anggota badan, dan terjadinya gangguan pada muskuloskeletal. Posisi berdiri dan duduk yang benar menjadi faktor penting untuk pencegahan masalah ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan ketidakcocokan antara ukuran antropometri mahasiswa dan desain kursi yang digunakan di universitas untuk proses pembelajaran. Data antropometri diambil dari ukuran 80 mahasiswa dengan sebaran 50% pria dan 50% wanita. Tiga model kursi perkuliahan dijadikan evaluasi ketidakcocokan. Model kursi 1 merupakan kursi model lama yang sudah tidak dipakai, model kursi 2 merupakan kursi yang sudah mulai digantikan, terakhir kursi model 3 merupakan kursi terbaru yang digunakan di perkuliahan. Ketiga model kursi yang ada di sebuah perguruan tinggi memiliki variasi ketidakcocokan dengan antropometri mahasiswa. Model kursi 3 produksi terbaru memiliki 100% ketidakcocokan pada tinggi meja dan sebesar 50% pada tinggi kursi. Model kursi 1 produksi lama memiliki 100% ketidakcocokan pada kedalaman kursi. Hasil evaluasi ini mampu menunjukkan model kursi yang memiliki tingkat ketidakcocokan paling kecil sehingga pemilihan model kursi terbaru harus mempertimbangkan data antropometri.

 

Furniture at class, is one of the physical property to support the learning process. Human health is greatly influenced by furniture such as tables and chairs used when they are sitting. Student activities in university mostly done at class with static sitting positions. Sitting in a long time is one of the factors that cause musculoskeletal disorders, especially in the lower back. The symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders in adolescents is a significant risk factor for the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders in adulthood. Anthropometric results can show a mismatch of dimensions of the furniture used, which results in discomfort, limb pain, and the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders. Correct standing and sitting position is an important factor for the prevention of this problem. The results of this study indicate a mismatch between the anthropometric size of students and the design of chairs used at universities for the learning process. Anthropometric data was taken from 80 students with a distribution of 50% male and 50% female. Three lecture chair models were used as an mismatch evaluation. First chair model was the old model chair that is not used anymore, second chair model is a chair that has begun to be replaced, the last chair model is the latest seat used in university. The three chair models available at a university have variations in mismatch with student anthropometry. The latest production chair model no 3 has a 100% mismatch at table height and at 50% at chair height. Old production, the chair no 1 models have 100% mismatch in chair depth. The results of this evaluation were able to show the chair model that has the smallest degree of mismatch, so the selection of the next chair model must consider anthropometric data.


Keywords


Ketidakcocokan, Muskuloskeletal, Antropometri, Ergonomi

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.3244

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