Litter Production of Cocoa-Based Agroforestry in West Sumatera, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.v10i2.11092Keywords:
Agroforestry, Carbon stock, Cocoa, LitterAbstract
Litter is a fragment of aboveground carbon stocks, a vital bridge to the belowground carbon cycle. Land conversion to agricultural purposes will affect litter production. This study aimed to compare the litter production of natural forests with cocoa-based agroforestry systems (AFS) in West Sumatra. Litter production was measured in five different types of ecosystems, namely natural forest (NF), cocoa-rubber-based AFS (CR), multistrata cocoa-based AFS (CM), cocoa-coconut-based AFS (CC), and cocoa monoculture (M). This study is quantitative research with the collection method. The difference in litter production between the five ecosystems observed was tested using ANOVA parametric statistical method. Litter was collected monthly for one year in which litter traps were evenly distributed in each research plot. Ecosystems of NF and M produced the highest annual litter (6.04 Mg ha-1 and 4.65 Mg ha-1 respectively), while CR produced the lowest one (2.52 Mg ha-1). Although this study did not perform comprehensive modeling of decomposition dynamics, the measurement of annual litter production can provide a further understanding of the dynamics of ecosystem carbon, especially in cocoa-based agroforestry.
References
Apriyanto, E., Hidayat, F., Nugroho, P.A.A, & Tarigan, I. (2021). Lit- terfall production and decomposition in three types of land use in Bengkulu Protection Forest. Planta Tropika: Jurnal Agrosains (Journal of Agro Science) 9(1), 35 – 41. https://doi. org/10.18196/pt.v9i1.4019.
Auliyani, D., Basuki, T.A., & Wijaya, W.W. (2019). Spatial Analysis of Land Susceptibility to Degradation and Alternative Plants for Its Rehabilitation. Forum Geografi 33(1), 51 – 63.
Badan Meteorologi, Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG). (2018). Data online pusat database BMKG. Retrivied March 25, 2018, from https://dataonline.bmkg.go.id/home
Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) Pasaman. (2018). Statistik kecamatan Simpang Alahan Mati. Retrieved February 14, 2021, from https://pasamankab.bps.go.id/publication.html
Badan Standar Nasional Indonesia (BSNI). (2011). Pengukuran dan penghitungan cadangan karbon – pengukuran lapangan untuk penaksiran cadangan karbon hutan (ground based forest carbon accounting). BSN. Jakarta: i + 16 hlm
Batsi, G., Sonwa, D.J., Mangaza, L., Ebuy, J., Kahindo, J.M. (2021). Preliminary estimation of above-ground carbon storage in cocoa agroforests of Bengamisa-Yangambi forest landscape (Demo- cratic Republic of Congo). Agroforest Syst., 95, 1505–1517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00657-z
Besar, N.A., Suardi, H., Phua, M.H., Daniel, J., Mokhtar, M. B., & Ahmed, M.F. (2020) Carbon stock and sequestration potential of an agroforestry system in Sabah, Ma- laysia. Forests 11, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/f11020210
Bradford, M.A., Veen, G.F., Bonis, A., Bradford, E. M., Classen, A. T., C., J. Hans, Cornelissen, Crowther, T. W., De Long, J. R., Freschet, G. T., Kardol, P., Manrubia-Freixa, M., Maynard, D. S., Newman, G. S., Logtestijn, R. S. P., Viketoft, M., Wardle, D. A., Wieder, W. R., Wood, S. A. &. van der Putten, W. H. (2017) A test of the hierarchical model of litter decomposition. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 1836–184. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0367-4
Dawoe, E.K., Isaac, M.E., & Quashie-Sam, J. (2010). Litterfall and litter nutrient dynamics under cocoa ecosystems in lowland humid Ghana. Plant Soil, 330, 55 – 64. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11104-009-0173-0
de Moraes, R.M., Delitti, W.B.C., & de Vuono, Y.S. (1999). Litterfall and litter nutrient content in two Brazilian tropical forests. Rev. Bras. Bot., 22, 9 – 16. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-84041999000100002
ForestWorks ISC. (2014). Learning resource for undertake carbon stock sampling of forests and plantations. Commonwealth of Australia. Australia: 1+52 hlm.
Giweta, M. (2020). Role of litter production and its decomposi- tion, and factors affecting the processes in a tropical forest ecosystem: a review. J ecology environ., 44, 1 – 11. https:// doi.org/10.1186/s41610-020-0151-2
Huang, Y., Ma, K., Niklaus, P.A. & Schmid, B. (2018). Leaf-litter overyielding in a forest biodiversity experiment in subtropical China. Forest Ecosystems 5, 38, 1 – 9.
Indriyanto (2009). Produksi serasah pada komunitas hutan yang dikelola petani dalam Register 19 Provinsi Lampung. Prosiding penelitian-penelitian agroforestri di Indonesia. INAFE Publisher, Lampung: pp. 75 – 83.
Kitayama, K., Ushio, M., Aiba, S.I. (2020). Temperature is a dominant driver of distinct annual seasonality of leaf litter production of equatorial tropical rain forests. Journal of Ecology, https://doi. org/10.1111/1365-2745.13500
Krishna, M. P., & Mohan, H. (2017). Litter decomposition in forest ecosystems: A review. Energy. Ecology & Environment, 2, 236–249.
Kunikullaya, A., Suresh, G.J., Balakrishnan, S., Kumar, M., Jeyakumar, P., Kumaravadivel, N. & Jegadeeswari, V. (2018). Effect of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(6), 1021-1025.
Kuruppuarachchi, K.A.J.M., Seneviratne, G., & Madurapperuma, B.D. (2013). Drought induced fine root growth and canopy green-up of tropical dry zone vegetations in Sri Lanka. Journal of Tropical Forestry and Environment, 3: 17 – 23. https://doi. org/10.31357/jtfe.v3i1.1119
Lian, Y., & Zhang, Q. (1998). Conversion of natural broad-leaved evergreen forest into pure and mixed plantation forests in a sub-tropical area: effects on nutrient cycling. Can. J. For. Res., 28, 1518 – 1529 https://doi.org/10.1139/x98-173
Madountsap Tagnang Nadège, Zapfack Louis, Chimi Djomo Cédric, Kabelong Banoho Louis-Paul, Forbi Preasious Funwi, Tsopmejio Temfack Ingrid, Tajeukem Vice Clotex, Ntonmen Yonkeu Amandine Flore, Tabue Mboba Roger Bruno & Nasang Julliete Mancho. (2018) Carbon storage potential of cacao agroforestry systems of different age and management intensity. Clim. Dev. 11,543–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1456895
Miyaji, K.I., Da Silva, W.S., & Alvim, P.D.T. (1997). Longevity of leaves of a tropical tree, Theobroma cacao, grown under shading, in relation to position within the canopy and time of emergence. New Phytol., 135 (3), 445 – 454. DOI: 10.1046/j.1469- 8137.1997.00667.x
Mueller-Dombois, D., & Ellenberg, H. (1974). Aims and method of vegetation ecology. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Nunes, A., Tápia, S., Pinho, P., Correia, O., Branquinho, C. (2015) Advantages of the point-intercept method for assessing func- tional diversity in semi-arid areas. iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, 8, 471-479. https://doi.org/10.3832/ifor1261-007
Owusu-Sekyere, E., Cobbina, J., & Wakatsuki, T. (2006). Nutrient cycling in parimary, secondary forests and cacao plantation in the Ashanti Region, Ghana. West Africa J. Applied Ecol., 9, 10 – 18. https://doi.org/10.4314/wajae.v9i1.45680
Pemerintah Kabupaten Padang Pariaman (2013). Laporan Status Lingkungan Hidup Daerah Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Tahun 2013. http://perpustakaan.menlhk.go.id/pustaka/images/docs/ LAPORAN%20SLHD%20PADANG%20PARIaman%202013.pdf Accesed June 29th 2020
Petraglia, A., Cacciatori, C., Chelli, S., Fenu, G., Calderisi, G., Gargano, D., Abeli, T., Orsenigo, S., Carbognani, M. (2019). Litter de- composition: effects of temperature driven by soil moisture and vegetation type. Plant Soil 435, 187–200. https://doi. org/10.1007/s11104-018-3889-x
Primo, A.A., Araujo, M.D.M., Silva, K.F., Silva, L.A., Pereira, G.A.C., Fernandes, F.E.P., Pompeu, R.C.F.F., Natale, W., & de Souza, H.A. (2021). Litter production and nutrient deposition from native woody species in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Agroforest Syst 95,1459–1464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00652-4.
Riedel, J., Kagi, N., Armengot, L., & Schneider, M. (2019). Ef- fects of rehabilitation pruning and agroforestry on cacao tree development and yield in an older full-sun plantation. Experimental Agriculture, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479718000431
Rosalina, Y., Kartawinata, K., Nisyawati, Nurdin, E., & Supriatna, J. (2014). Floristic composition and structure of a peat swamp forest in the conservation area of the PT. National Sago Prima, Selat Panjang, Riau, Indonesia. Reindwardtia, 14(1), 193 – 120. https://doi.org/10.14203/reinwardtia.v14i1.416
Rouse, R.E., Ozores-Hampton, M., Roka, F.M. & Roberts, P. (2017). Rehabilitation of Huanglongbing-affected citrus trees using severe pruning and enhanced foliar nutritional treatments. Hortscience 52(7), 972 – 978.
Roziaty, E., & Pristiwi, E. (2020). Keanekaragaman spesies dalam Sistem Agroforestri di Desa Surajaya Kecamatan Pemalang Kabupaten Pemalang Jawa Tengah. Bioeksperimen, 6(2), 76 – 88. https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v6i2.11743
Santhyami, Basukriadi, A., Patria, M.P., & Abdulhadi, R. (2018). The comparison of aboveground C-Stock between cacao-based agroforestry system and cacao monoculture practice in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(2), 472 – 479. https://doi.org/10.13057/ biodiv/d190214
Santhyami, Basukriadi, A., Patria, M.P., & Abdulhadi, R. (2020). Tree community composition and structure of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) based agroforestry in West Sumatera, Indonesia. Bioeksperimen, 6(1), 52 – 59. https://doi.org/10.23917/bioeksperimen.v6i1.10433
Santhyami, Basukriadi, A., Patria, M.P., & Abdulhadi, R. (2021). Tree community structure and aboveground carbon stock of sacred forest in Pasaman, West Sumatera. Biotropia, 28(3), 253 – 262. https://doi.org/10.11598/btb.2021.28.3.1416
Schmidt, F.H., & Ferguson, J.H. (1951). Rainfall types based on wet and dry period rations for Indonesia with Western New Guinea.Verhandelingen Djawatan Meteorologi dan Geofisika, Djakarta 42.
Seta T, Zerihun W. (2018). Litterfall dynamics in Boter-Becho forest: moist evergreen montane forests of southwestern Ethiopia. J Ecol Nat Environ., 10(1),13–21.
Sleeter, B.M., Liu, J., Daniel, C., Rayfield, B., Sherba, J., Hawbaker, T., Zhu, Z., Selmants, P.C., & Loveland, T.R. (2018). Effects of contemporary land-use and land-cover change on the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems in the United States. Environ. Res. Lett., 13, 045006
Thacker, E., Messmer, T., & Burritt, B. (2015). Sage‐grouse habitat monitoring: Daubenmire versus line‐point intercept. Range- lands 37:7–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rala.2014.12.002
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC). (2015). Measurements for estimation of carbon stocks in afforestation and reforestation project activities under the Clean Development Mechanism: A Field Manual. United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https:// unfccc.int/resource/docs/publications/cdm_afforestation_field- manual_web.pdf
Torres, A.B., Lovett, J.C. (2013). Using basal area to estimate aboveground carbon stocks in forests: La Primavera Bio- sphere’s Reserve, Mexico. Forestry, 86, 267 – 281. https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/cps084
Triadiati, S., Tjitrosemito, Guhardja, E., Sudarsono, Qayim, I., & Leuschner, C. (2011). Litterfall production and leaf-litter de- composition at natural forest and caco agroforestry in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(3), 221 – 234. https://doi.org/10.3923/ajbs.2011.221.234
Yang, Y.S., Guo. J.F., Chen, G.S., He, Z.M., & Xie, J.S. (2003). Effect of slash burning on nutrient removal and soil fertility in Chinese fir and evergreen broadleaved forests of midsubtropical China. Pedosphere, 13, 87 – 96
Yue, C., Ciais, P., Houghton, R.A. & Nassikas, A.A. (2020). Contribu- tion of land use to the interannual variability of the land car- bon cycle. Nat. Commun., 11, 3170. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467020-16953-8
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
PLANTA TROPIKA is committed to its authors to protect and defend their work and their reputation and takes allegations of infringement, plagiarism, ethical disputes, and fraud very seriously. PLANTA TROPIKA is published under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication (online and print) with the work simultaneously.
LICENSE
1. License to Publish
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). The author hereby grants PLANTA TROPIKA an exclusive publishing and distribution license in the manuscript include tables, illustrations or other material submitted for publication as part of the manuscript (the “Article”) in print, electronic and all other media (whether now known or later developed), in any form, in all languages, throughout the world, for the full term of copyright, and the right to license others to do the same, effective when the article is accepted for publication. This license includes the right to enforce the rights granted hereunder against third parties.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material). Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- Copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale, and
- The right to self-archive the article.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by PLANTA TROPIKA or its sublicensee.
7. Miscellaneous
PLANTA TROPIKA will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and PLANTA TROPIKA or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. PLANTA TROPIKA may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and usage that it deems appropriate.
