Physio-Biochemical Characteristics of Prope Legitimate Seedlings of 13 Cocoa Clones Under Drought Stress
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.v11i2.14315Keywords:
Cocoa, Drought, Physio-biochemical, Prope legitimate-seedlingsAbstract
The tolerant seedlings are determined by their physiological and biochemical responses. This study aimed to determine stomatal density, relative water content, and proline in prope legitimate seedlings under drought stress. The research was carried out at the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Center in July 2018 – February 2019, arranged in a randomized split-plot experimental design with six replications. The main plot was soil moisture content, and the sub-plot was the cocoa prope legitimate seedlings. The differences of mean values were tested using analysis of variance, followed by the DMRT and T-student test at 5 % level, analysis of the relative decrease in stomatal density and relative water content, proline content ratio, and the dendrogram analysis. The results showed that the cocoa seedlings under drought experienced significant changes in relative water and proline content but not stomatal density. Drought decreased in the relative water content of <50% and increased proline content in the seedlings. The relative water and proline content divided the prope legitimate seedlings into two groups. The prope legitimate seedlings from KW 516, KW 641, Scavina 06, KKM 22, KW 617, and ICCRI 03 clones were drought-tolerant.
References
Ahmad, Z., Waraich, E. A., Akhtar, S., Anjum, S., Ahmad, T., Mahboob, W., Hafeez, O. B. A., Tapera, T., Labuschagne, M., & Rizwan, M. (2018). Physiological responses of wheat to drought stress and its mitigation approaches. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 40(4), 80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-018-2651-6
Bandurska, H., Niedziela, J., Pietrowska-Borek, M., Nuc, K., Chadzinikolau, T., & Radzikowska, D. (2017). Regulation of proline biosynthesis and resistance to drought stress in two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes of different origin. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 118, 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.07.006
Bayat, H., & Moghadam, A. N. (2019). Drought effects on growth, water status, proline content and antioxidant system in three Salvia nemorosa L. cultivars. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 41(9), 149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11738-019-2942-6
Bertolino, L. T., Caine, R. S., & Gray, J. E. (2019). Impact of stomatal density and morphology on water-use efficiency in a changing world. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10, 427588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.00225
Dzandu, E., Enu-Kwesi, L., Markwei, C. M., & Ayeh, K. O. (2021). Screening for drought tolerance potential of nine cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) genotypes from Ghana. Heliyon, 7(11), E08389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08389
Gateau-Rey L, Tanner EVJ, Rapidel B, Marelli JP, & Royaert S. (2018). Climate change could threaten cocoa production: Effects of 2015-16 El Niño-related drought on cocoa agroforests in Bahia, Brazil. PLoS One, 13(7), e0200454. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0200454
Hasanuzzaman, M., Shabala, L., Brodribb, T. J., Zhou, M., & Shabala, S. (2019). Understanding physiological and morphological traits contributing to drought tolerance in barley. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 205(2), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12307
Janani P, Kumar N, & Jegadeeswari V. (2019). Evaluation of cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L .) clones under natural rainfed conditions for drought tolerance. Chem Sci Rev Lett., 8(32), 220–225.
Kardiman, R., & Ræbild, A. (2018). Relationship between stomatal density, size and speed of opening in Sumatran rainforest species. Tree Physiology, 38(5), 696–705. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpx149
Kunikullaya G, A., Suresh, J., Balakrishnan, S., Kumar, M., Jeyakumar, P., Kumaravadivel, N., & Jegadeeswari, V. (2018). Effect of water stress on photosyntheticparameters of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) genotypes. International Journal of Chemical Studies, 6(6), 1021–1025.
Lahive, F., Hadley, P., & Daymond, A. J. (2019). The physiological responses of cocoa to the environment and the implications for climate change resilience. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 39(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-018-0552-0
Lahive F, Handley LR, Hadley P, & Daymond AJ. (2021). Climate change impacts on cocoa: Genotypic variation in responses of mature cocoa to elevated co2 and water deficit. Agronomy, 11(5), 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050818
Medina, V., & Laliberte, B. (2017). A review of research on the effects of drought and temperature stress and increased CO2 on Theobroma cocoa L., and the role of genetic diversity to address climate change. Costa Rica: Bioversity International. https://cgspace.cgiar.org/bitstream/handle/10568/89084/Review_laliberte_2017_new.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
Meher, Shivakrishna, P., Ashok Reddy, K., & Manohar Rao, D. (2018). Effect of PEG-6000 imposed drought stress on RNA content, relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll content in peanut leaves and roots. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(2), 285–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.04.008
Moreno-Galván, A.E., Cortés-Patiño, S., Romero-Perdomo, F., Uribe-Vélez D., Bashan, Y., & Bonilla RR. (2020). Proline accumulation and glutathione reductase activity induced by drought-tolerant rhizobacteria as potential mechanisms to alleviate drought stress in Guinea grass. Appllied Soil Ecollogy, 147, 103367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.103367
Niether, W., Glawe, A., Pfohl, K., Adamtey, N., Schneider, M., Karlovsky, P., & Pawelzik, E. (2020). The effect of short-term vs. long-term soil moisture stress on the physiological response of three cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) cultivars. Plant Growth Regulation, 92(2), 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10725-020-00638-9
Santhyami, Basukriadi A, Patria MP, & Abdulhadi R. (2018). The comparison of aboveground C-stock between cocoa-based agroforestry system and cocoa monoculture practice in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 19(2), 472–479. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190214
Setyawan, B., & Susilo, A.W. 2017. Selection of Prospective Drought-Tolerant Cocoa Hybrids Based on Additive Main Effect and Multiplicative Interaction Analyses. Pelita Perkebunan, 33(2), 89–96. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.262
Setyawan, B., Puspitasari, N., Wahyu Susilo, A., & Anita Sari, I. (2018). Rootstock Characteristics of Three Combinations of Theobroma cocoa L. Crosses on Different Water Availability. Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal), 34(3), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v34i3.328
Seutra Kaba, J., Abunyewa, A.A., Kugbe, J., Kwashie, G.K., E., Owusu Ansah, & Andoh, H. (2021). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and potassium fertilizer as plant biostimulants and alternative research for enhancing plants adaptation to drought stress: Opportunities for enhancing drought tolerance in cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.). Sustainable Environtment, 7(1), 1963927. https://doi.org/10.1080/27658511.2021.1963927
Sodre, GA. & Gomes ARS. (2019). Cocoa propagation, technologies for production of seedlings. Rev. Bras. Frutic., 41(2), e-782. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019782
Usowicz, B., Łukowski, M. I., Rüdiger, C., Walker, J. P., & Marczewski, W. (2017). Thermal properties of soil in the Murrumbidgee River Catchment (Australia). International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 115, 604–614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.08.021
Yoroba, F., Kouassi, B.K., Diawara, A., Yapo, L.A.M., Kouadio, K., Tiemoko, D.T., Kouadio, Y.K., Koné, I.D., & Assamoi, P. (2019). Evaluation of Rainfall and Temperature Conditions for a Perennial Crop in Tropical Wetland: A Case Study of Cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire. Advanced in Meteorology, 2019, 9405939. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9405939
Zakariyya, F., Setyawan, B., & Wahyu Susilo, A. (2017). Stomatal, Proline, and Leaf Water Status Characters of Some Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cocoa L.) on Prolonged Dry Season. Pelita Perkebunan, 33(2), 109-117. https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v33i2.264
Zasari, M., Wachjar, A., Susilo, A. W., & Sudarsono, S. (2020). Prope legitimate rootstocks determine the selection criteria for drought-tolerant cocoa. Biodiversitas, 21(9), 4067–4075. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d210918
Zegaoui, Z., Planchais, S., Cabassa, C., Djebbar, R., Belbachir, O. A., & Carol, P. (2017). Variation in relative water content, proline accumulation and stress gene expression in two cowpea landraces under drought. Journal of Plant Physiology, 218, 26–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.009
ZHANG, S. han, XU, X. feng, SUN, Y. min, ZHANG, J. lian, & LI, C. zhou. (2018). Influence of drought hardening on the resistance physiology of potato seedlings under drought stress. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 17(2), 336–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(17)61758-1
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
PLANTA TROPIKA is committed to its authors to protect and defend their work and their reputation and takes allegations of infringement, plagiarism, ethical disputes, and fraud very seriously. PLANTA TROPIKA is published under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication (online and print) with the work simultaneously.
LICENSE
1. License to Publish
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). The author hereby grants PLANTA TROPIKA an exclusive publishing and distribution license in the manuscript include tables, illustrations or other material submitted for publication as part of the manuscript (the “Article”) in print, electronic and all other media (whether now known or later developed), in any form, in all languages, throughout the world, for the full term of copyright, and the right to license others to do the same, effective when the article is accepted for publication. This license includes the right to enforce the rights granted hereunder against third parties.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material). Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- Copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale, and
- The right to self-archive the article.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by PLANTA TROPIKA or its sublicensee.
7. Miscellaneous
PLANTA TROPIKA will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and PLANTA TROPIKA or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. PLANTA TROPIKA may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and usage that it deems appropriate.
