Effects of Cricket and Fruit Fly Flour in Growth Media on Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill Pathogenicity Against Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet) Prepupae
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/pt.v13i1.21463Keywords:
Biological control, Entomopathogenic fungi, Spore density, Insect Flour, VirulenceAbstract
Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major insect pest of horticultural crops, causing significant yield losses.The efficacy of Beauveria bassiana, a potential biocontrol agent, can be influenced by growth media composition. This study examined the effects of cricket and fruit fly flour on B. bassiana growth and pathogenicity against Z. cucurbitae. The methods added B. bassiana growth media with different concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) of cricket and fruit fly flour and assessing its pathogenicity against Z. cucurbitae at a spore density of 10⁶ and 10⁸ spores/mL. The results showed that 1% cricket flour combined with a spore density ofspores/mL resulted in the highest mortality rate (29.33%) and the fastest infection (2 days). The lowest average mortalities were found in treatments without flour addition which were 21.3%, 19.3%, and 19%, respectively. The longest time to cause infection was observed in 7 days. Infection symptoms are marked by the emergence of white fungal mycelia covering the cuticle, while infected adults exhibit deformed, wrinkled, and smaller wings. These findings highlight the potential of growth media optimization to enhance B. bassiana virulence, contributing to the development of more effective and sustainable biocontrol strategies against Z. cucurbitae.
References
Altinok, H.H., Altinok, M.A., & Koca, A.S. (2019). Modes of Action of Entomopathogenic Fungi. Current Trends in Natural Sciences, 8(16), 117-124.
Ardan, I.M., Nurdiana, D., & Maesyaroh, S.S. (2020). Aplikasi Jamur Entomopatogen (Beauveria bassiana) dan EkstrakTumbuhan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) terhadap Larva Plutellaxylostella L.. JAGROS: Jurnal Agroteknologi dan Sains (Journal of Agrotechnology Science), 3(2), 84-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52434/jagros.v3i2.862
Atta, B., Rizwan, M., Sabir, A.M.,Gogi, M.D., Farooq, M.A., & Batta, Y.A. (2020). Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Fungi Against Brown Planthopper Nilaparvatalugens (Stål) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) Under Controlled Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen, 72(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00490-6
Bagariang, W., Kurniati, A., Lestrari, T.M.P., Mahmudah, D., Suyanto, H., & Cahyana, N.A. (2023). Uji Efektivitas Beauveria bassiana terhadap Mortalitas, Pembentukan Pupa dan Kemunculan Imago Spodoptera litura Fabr. Agro Wiralodra, 6(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.31943/agrowiralodra.v6i1.86
Dannon, H.F., Dannon, A.E., Douro-Kpindou, O.K., Zinsou, A.V., Houndete, A.T., Toffa-Mehinto, J., Elegbede I.A.T.M., Olou, B.D., & Tamò, M. (2020). Toward the Efficient Use of Beauveria bassiana in Integrated Cotton Insect Pest Management. Journal of Cotton Research, 3, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-020-00061-5
Friska, M., Wahyuni, S.H., Nasution, J., Harahap, P., & Yanty, D.P. (2023). Aplikasi Jamur Beauveria bassiana dalam Mengurangi Serangan Spodoptera litura pada Tanaman Bawang Putih (Allium sativum L.). Biogenic: Jurnal Ilmu Biologi, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.36841/biogenic.v1i2.3499
Gabriel, B.P., & Riyanto. (1989). Metarhizium anisopliae Taxonomy, Pathology, and Applications. Plantation Crop Protection Development Project. Plantation Crop Protection Directorate Indonesia.
Gokulanathan, A., Mo, H.H., & Park, Y. (2023). Insights on Reproduction‐Related Genes in the Striped Fruit Fly, Zeugoda cusscutellata (Hendel) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 115(1), e22064. https://doi.org/10.1002/arch.22064
Hardiansyah, M., Anshary A., & Nasir, B. (2023). Uji Efektifitas Jamur Beauveria bassiana Terhadap Pupa Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) di Laboratorium. Agrotekbis: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 11(3), 768-776. https://doi.org/10.22487/agrotekbis.v11i3.1753
Hirsch, A., Cho, Y.H., Kim, Y.H.B., & Jones, O.G. (2019). Contributions of Protein and Milled Chitin Extracted from Domestic Cricket Powder to Emulsion Stabilization. Current research in Food Science, 1, 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crfs.2019.09.002
Hussien, R. H., Ezzat, S. M., El Sheikh, A. A., Taylor, J. W., & Butt, T. M. (2021). Comparative study of fungal stability between Metarhizium strains after successive subculture. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 31, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-020-00348-4
Islam, W., Adnan, M., Shabbir, A., Naveed, H., Abubakar, Y.S., Qasim, M., Tayyab, M., Norman, A., Nisar, M.S., Khan, K.A., & Ali, H. (2021). Insect-fungal-interactions: A Detailed Review on Entomopathogenic Fungi Pathogenicity to Combat Insect Pests. Microbial Pathogenesis, 159, 105-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105122
Khayrova, A., Lopatin, S., & Varlamov, V. (2021). Obtaining chitin, chitosan and their melanin complexes from insects. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 167, 1319-1328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.086
Lei Li, Dong Yin H., Li M.N., Fang P.Z., Jun Y. C., & Yue G.F. (2019). Performance evaluation of melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae on 39 hosts. Journal of Environmental Entomology, 41(5), 1057-1064. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1674-0858.2019.05.19
Mascarin, G. M., Golo, P. S., de Souza Ribeiro-Silva, C., Muniz, E. R., de Oliveira Franco, A., Kobori, N. N., & Fernandes, É. K. K. (2024). Advances in submerged liquid fermentation and formulation of entomopathogenic fungi. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 108(1), 451. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-024-13287-z
Nair, N., & Pal, P. (2020). Seasonal incidence of fruit fly (Zeugodacuscucurbitae) in Cucurbit Ecosystem in Tripura, NE India. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(6),1253-1256. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.911.115
Prayogo, Y., Rohman, F.L., & Alami N.H. (2019). The Virulence Improvement of Beauveria bassiana in Infecting Cylas formicarius Modulated by Various Chitin Based Compounds. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 20(9). https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d20090
Rehman, K. Clemens, H., Karin, W., Volker,H., Kemal,A., Rashid, R., Janos-Istvan,P., Longyu, Z., Jibin, Z., Summar, S., Muhammad, K.M., Christos, I.R., Christos, A., & Minmin C. (2023). Insect-derived Chitin and Chitosan: A still Unexploited Resource for the Edible Insect Sector. Sustainability, 15(6), 4864. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064864
Romero-Arenas, O., Amaro-Leal, L.J., Rivera, A., Parraguirre-Lezama, C., Sánchez-Morales, P., & Villa-Ruano, N. (2020). Formulations of Beauveria bassiana MABb1 and Mesoporous Materials for the Biological Control of Sphenarium purpurascens in Maize Crops from Puebla, Mexico. Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology, 23, 653 – 659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2020.05.005
Rosana, A.R.R., Pokorny, S., Klutsch, J.G., Romero, I.R., Sanichar, R.,Daniel, E. Belkum, M.J., Erbilgin, N., Bohlmann, J., Carroll, A.L., &Vederas, J.C. (2021). Selection of Entomopathogenic Fungus Beauveria bassiana (Deuteromycotina: Hyphomycetes) for the Biocontrol of Dendroctonus ponderosae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) in Western Canada. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 105, 2541-2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11172-7.
Saidah, K.A., & Asri, M.T. (2019). Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Kulit Udang terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Beauveria bassiana. Lentera Bio: Berkala Ilmiah Biologi, 8(2).
Sani, I., Ismail, S.I., Abdullah, S., Jalinas, J., Jamian, S., & Saad, N. (2020). A Review of the Biology and Control of Whitefly, Bemisiatabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), with Special Reference to Biological Control Using Entomopathogenic Fungi. Insects, 11(9), 619. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090619
Sari, D.E., Sunarti, S., Nilawati, N., Mutmainna, I., & Yustisia, D. (2020). Identifikasi Lalat Buah (Diptera: Tephiritidae) pada Beberapa Tanaman Hortikultura. Agrominansia, 5(1), 1–9.
Sari, W., & Khobir, M.L. (2020). Penambahan Tepung Serangga pada Media Perbanyakan untuk Meningkatkan Virulensi Beauveria bassiana terhadap Walang Sangit. Pro-Stek, 1(2), 70. https://doi.org/10.35194/prs.v1i2.823
Septiani, R., Arumsari, A., & Rusnadi, R. (2020). Pemanfaatan Tepung Jangkrik sebagai Nutrisi Manusia, Hewan, dan Media Pertumbuan Bakteri. Prosiding Farmasi, 6(2), 450-455. http://dx.doi.org/10.29313/.v6i2.23147
Sopialena, Abdul, S., & Hutajalu, J. (2022). Efektivitas Jamur Metarhizium anisopliae dan Beauveria bassiana Bals Lokal dan Komersial terhadap Hama Kutu Daun (Aphis craccivoran C.L. Koch) pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Jurnal Agrifor, 21(1), 147–160. https://doi.org/10.31293/agrifor.v21i1.5939
Steck, G.J., Ndlela, S., Somma, L.A., Diaz, J., Moore, M.A., & Awad, J. (2022). Description of the Immature Stages of Dacus bivittatus (Diptera: Tephritidae), the Greater Pumpkin Fruit Fly. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 124(3), 661-682. https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.124.3.661
Sumikarsih, E., Herlinda, S., & Pujiastuti, Y. (2019). Conidial Density and Viability of Beauveria bassiana Isolates from Java and Sumatra and Their Virulence Against Nilaparvata lugens at Different Temperatures. AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science, 41(2), 335-350. http://doi.org/10.17503/agrivita.v41i2.2105
Susila, W.A., Anindita, N.S., & Nugraheni, I.A. (2023). Uji Efektifitas Agen Biokontrol Beauveria bassiana sebagai Pengendali Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Penelitian dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat LPPM Universitas’ Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, 1, 137-142.
Ullah, M.I., Qadeer, M., Arshad, M., Khalid, S., Saleem, U., Riaz, M.A., Mumtaz, A., Rizwan, M., Sayed, S.M., Alhelaify, S.S., Alharthy, O.M., & Mushtaq, M. (2023). Insights into Sublethal Effects of Metarhizium anisopliae on the Biotic Potentials of Spodoptera frugiperda (JESmith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Maize. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 33(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-023-00741-9
Vasudha, A., Ahmad, A.Md., & Agarwal, M.L. (2019). Life History Traits and Immature Stages of Zeugodacus (Zeugodacus) tau (Walker) (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 7(2), 1149-1153.
Wahyu, I., Chelvina, A.C., Helen, M.S., & Josephine, E.D.P. (2021). Praktikum Pembuatan Medium Potatoes Dextrose Agar secara Sederhana dan Isolasi Jamur pada Biji–bijian yang Dilakukan secara Online. Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 6(3), 289–299. https://doi.org/10.32938/jbe.v6i3.1341
Wei, D., Xu, H.Q., Chen, D., Zhang, S.Y., Li, W.J., Smagghe, G., & Wang, J.J. (2020). Genome-wide Gene Expression Profiling of the Melon Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, during Thirteen Life Stages. Scientific Data, 7(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.11698254
White, R.L., Geden, C.J., Kaufman, P.E., & Johnson, D. (2021). Comparative Virulence of Metarhizium anisopliae and our Strains of Beauveria bassiana Against House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Adults with Attempted Selection for Faster Mortality. Journal of Medical Entomology, 58(4), 1771–1778. https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjab027
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ramadhani Mahendra Kusuma
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
PLANTA TROPIKA is committed to its authors to protect and defend their work and their reputation and takes allegations of infringement, plagiarism, ethical disputes, and fraud very seriously. PLANTA TROPIKA is published under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication (online and print) with the work simultaneously.
LICENSE
1. License to Publish
The non-commercial use of the article will be governed by the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). The author hereby grants PLANTA TROPIKA an exclusive publishing and distribution license in the manuscript include tables, illustrations or other material submitted for publication as part of the manuscript (the “Article”) in print, electronic and all other media (whether now known or later developed), in any form, in all languages, throughout the world, for the full term of copyright, and the right to license others to do the same, effective when the article is accepted for publication. This license includes the right to enforce the rights granted hereunder against third parties.
2. Author’s Warranties
The author warrants that the article is original, written by stated author/s, has not been published before, contains no unlawful statements, does not infringe the rights of others, is subject to copyright that is vested exclusively in the author and free of any third party rights, and that any necessary written permissions to quote from other sources have been obtained by the author(s).
3. User Rights
Under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, the author(s) and users are free to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material). Users must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.
4. Rights of Authors
Authors retain the following rights:
- Copyright, and other proprietary rights relating to the article, such as patent rights,
- The right to use the substance of the article in future own works, including lectures and books,
- The right to reproduce the article for own purposes, provided the copies are not offered for sale, and
- The right to self-archive the article.
5. Co-Authorship
If the article was prepared jointly with other authors, the signatory of this form warrants that he/she has been authorized by all co-authors to sign this agreement on their behalf, and agrees to inform his/her co-authors of the terms of this agreement.
6. Royalties
This agreement entitles the author to no royalties or other fees. To such extent as legally permissible, the author waives his or her right to collect royalties relative to the article in respect of any use of the article by PLANTA TROPIKA or its sublicensee.
7. Miscellaneous
PLANTA TROPIKA will publish the article (or have it published) in the Journal if the article’s editorial process is successfully completed and PLANTA TROPIKA or its sublicensee has become obligated to have the article published. PLANTA TROPIKA may conform the article to a style of punctuation, spelling, capitalization, and usage that it deems appropriate.
