Estimasi Usia Dental Berdasarkan Pendekatan Biomolekuler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/di.9115Keywords:
Analisis biomulekuler, Biologi molekuler, Estimasi usia, Estimasi usia dental, Odontologi forensikAbstract
Estimasi usia merupakan bagian penting dalam proses identifikasi dalam praktik forensik. Gigi merupakan bagian dari tubuh manusia yang paling kuat dan tahan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu variabel estimasi usia, terutama pada individu yang telah meninggal. Awalnya, studi maupun aplikasi metode estimasi usia dental umumnya menggunakan perubahan morfologi yang diamati dari gambaran radiograf berdasarkan pertumbuhan gigi geligi. Seiring dengan kemajuan teknologi, metode biomolekuler mulai berkembang dan digunakan dalam estimasi usia dental. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan metode biomolekuler terkini yang dapat diaplikasikan pada gigi. Estimasi usia dental menggunakan pendekatan biomolekuler dapat diamati dari modifikasi DNA, protein, atau epigenetik. Penelitian berkatian dengan Aspartic Acid Racemization dan Metilasi DNA dengan sampel dental mulai meningkat sebagai metode yang dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi pada kasus forensik. Meskipun masih terdapat kelemahan seperti metodologi yang tidak konsisten dan akurasi yang kurang dibandingkan dengan perubahan morfologi, metode biomolekuler dapat memberikan kontribusi potensial pada estimasi usia dental.
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