Storytelling through Picture Description to Enhance Very Young EFL Learners' Oral Production
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/ftl.5250Keywords:
young learners, storytelling, picture description, oral developmentAbstract
This study aimed at improving oral development in the primary school of Ecuador, where teaching English at an early age focuses mainly on expanding reading and writing as productive skills. The purpose of this action research was to individually examine how the use of storytelling through picture description as visual support could benefit communicative skills among a group of second-grade students from a private school in Guayaquil. The study considered vocabulary, organization, and fluency as the basis of oral development using quantitative and qualitative instruments. A pre and post-A1 level speaking assessment measured the improvement of vocabulary and fluency. Results showed that there was an improvement of four points in the descriptive statistics (minimum, maximum and mean). The paired T-samples test revealed the study was highly reliable with a score of p = 0.000. There are few studies related to teaching English as a foreign language in early education worldwide and South America. In Ecuador, no studies were found. Therefore, the implications of this study are addressed to school authorities and other EFL teachers to upgrade the proficiency of their students from early grades.References
Afraz, S., Taghizade, L., Taghinezhad, A. (2018). The usefulness of pictorial aids in developing female Iranian intermediate EFL learners' speaking proficiency. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 1(6), 38-49. Retrieved from https://journals.aiac.org.au/index.php/IJELS/article/view/4182. doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.6n.1p.38.
Agosto, D. E. (2016). Why storytelling matters: unveiling the literacy benefits of storytelling. Children and Libraries, 14(2), 21-26. doi:10.5860/cal.14n2.21
Anwar, N. P. (2016). Action research a tool to build the capacity of teacher educators. Journal of Educational Research, 19(2), 105-116. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1869029964?accountid=174323
Bala, J. (2016). Contribution of SPSS in social sciences research. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science, 7(6), 250-254. Retrieved from: https://search.proquest.com/openview/82a2deb2d4622d800642515e05837cfd/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1606379
Becker, C., & Roos, J. (2016). An approach to creative speaking activities in the young learners' classroom. Education Inquiry, 7(1), 9-26. doi: 10.3402/edui.v7.27613
Bocanegra Bonilla, C., & Ramirez Valencia, A. (2018). Speaking activities to foster students' oral performance at a public school. English Language Teaching, 11(8), 65-72. doi: 10.5539/elt.v11n8p65
Boers, F. (2018). Picture prompts and some of their uses. Language Teaching Research, 22(4), 375–378. doi: 10.1177/1362168818785219
Brown, H. D. (2000). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (2nd ed.). White Plains, USA: Longman.
Burns, A. (2014). Action Research. In J. Brown & C. Coombe. The Cambridge guide to research in language teaching and learning, pp. 187-204. First Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Cameron, L. (2001). Challenges for ELT from the expansion in teaching children. ELT Journal, 57(2), 105-112. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/57.2.105
Council of Europe. (2018). Common european framework of reference for languages: Learning, teaching, assessment. Cambridge, U.K: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.
Chou, M. H. (2014). Assessing English vocabulary and enhancing young English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners' motivation through games, songs, and stories. International Journal of Primary, Elementary, and Early Years Education. 42(3), 284-297. Doi: 10.1080/03004279.2012.680899.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd Ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Craig, R. (1996). Storytelling in the Classroom: Some Theoretical Thoughts. Storytelling World, 9, 7-9. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED405589.pdf
Duckworth, E. (1964). Piaget rediscovered. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2(3), 172-175. doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660020305
Fog, K. (2010). Storytelling: Branding in Practice. Copenhagen, Denmark: Samfundslitteratur Press.
Ghosn, I. K. (2002). Teachers and students interactivity around the textbook: An exploratory study of children's development academic second language literacy in primary school English classes in Lebanon (Doctoral Thesis, University of Leicester). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Irma_Kaarina_Ghosn/publication/330994113_Teachers_and_students_interacting_around_the_textbook_An_exploratory_study_of_children_developing_academic_second_language_literacy_in_primary_school_English_language_classes_in_Lebanon/links/5c5fd49a45851582c3da1d7f/Teachers-and-students-interacting-around-the-textbook-An-exploratory-study-of-children-developing-academic-second-language-literacy-in-primary-school-English-language-classes-in-Lebanon.pdf
Gower, R., D. Phillips, & S. Walters. (1995). Teaching Practice Handbook. London: Heinemann. Retrieved from http://llt.msu.edu/issues/june2014/action1.pdf
Harmer, J. (2003). The practice of English language teaching. Longman. London UK.
Kim, S. (2014). Developing autonomous learning for oral proficiency using digital storytelling. Language Learning & Technology, 18(2), 20-35. Retrieved from: http://llt.msu.edu/issues/june2014/action1.pdf
Lavalle, P. I., & Briesmaster, M. (2017). The study of the use of picture descriptions in enhancing communication skills among the 8th-grade students-learners of English as a foreign language. I.e., inquiry in education, 9(1), 1-16. Retrieved from: http://digitalcommons.nl.edu/ie/vol9/iss1/4
Lindahl, K. (2018). Tasks for teaching speaking to beginners. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 10(1), 1-6. doi:10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0254
Lisenbee, P., & Ford, C. (2017). Engaging students in traditional and digital storytelling to make connections between pedagogy and children's experiences. Early Children Education Journal. 46, 129–139. doi: 10.1007/s10643-017- 0846-x
Macwan, H. J. (2015). Using visual aids as authentic material in ESL classrooms. Research Journal of English Language and Literature (RJELAL), 3(1), 91-96. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2T5dw65
Marzuki, M., Prayogo, J. A., & Wahyudi, A. (2016). Improving the EFL learners' speaking ability through interactive storytelling. Dinamika Ilmu: Jurnal Pendidikan, 16(1), 15-34. Retrieved from: https://journal.iain-samarinda.ac.id/index.php/dinamika_ilmu/article/view/307
Ministerio de Educación. (2012). Ecuadorian in-Service. English teachers Standards: The English Language Learning standards. Retrieved from https://educacion.gob.ec/wpcontent/uploads/downloads/2012/09/estandares_2012_ingles_opt.pdf
Ministerio de Educación. (2016). Basic Elementary Education Syllabus. Retrieved from https://educacion.gob.ec/wp-content/uploads/downloads/2016/02/MINEDUC-ME-2016-00020-A.pdf
Morrow, L. (1985). Retelling stories: A strategy for improving young children's comprehension, concept of story structure, and oral language complexity. The Elementary School Journal, 85(5), 647-661. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1001518
Nunan, D. (2011). Teaching English to young learners. Anaheim, CA: Anaheim University Press. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2A5lcxz
Nunan, D. (2018). Teaching speaking to young learners. The TESOL Encyclopedia of English Language Teaching, 13, 1-8. doi: 10.1002/9781118784235.eelt0715
Orellana, M. F., Johnson, S. J., Rodriguez-Minkoff, A. C., Rodriguez, L., & Franco, J. (2017). An apprentice teacher's journey in "Seeing Learning." Teacher Education Quarterly, 44(2), 7-26. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1140384
Picture. (2019). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/picture
Pinter, A. (2017). Teaching young language learners. Oxford University Press.
Putcha, H. (2012). Super Minds Level 1. Cambridge University Press.
Richards, J. C. (2006). Communicative language teaching today. New York, NY: SEAMEO Regional Language Centre.
Szpotowicz, M. (2012). Researching oral production skills of young learners. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 2(3), 141-166. Retrieved from: https://ojs.cepsj.si/index.php/cepsj/article/view/377/206
Thornbury, S. (2005). How to teach speaking. Harlow, United Kingdom, Pearson Longman.
Tomlinson, B. (2013). Applied linguistics and materials development. London, UK: A&C Black.
Vygotsky, L. S. (2012). Thought and language. London, England: MIT Press. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/2A2Ma8Y
Word. (2019). In Merriam-Webster's online dictionary. Retrieved from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/word
Yazici, E., & Bolay, H. (2017). Story-based activities enhance literacy skills in preschool
children. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 5(5), 815-823.doi: 10.13189/ujer.2017.050528
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of initial publication in this journal.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories, social media account, or on their website) after the article getting published in the journal, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).License
You are free to:
- Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format
- Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even commercially.
Attribution — You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.