Changes in Salivary Fluoride Levels with a 2-minute Toothbrush Timer

Lisa Prihastari; Ramdha Al Farabi Rosdi; Bimo Rintoko

doi:10.18196/di.v12i1.15593

Changes in Salivary Fluoride Levels with a 2-minute Toothbrush Timer

Lisa Prihastari, Ramdha Al Farabi Rosdi, Bimo Rintoko

Abstract

The duration of tooth brushing deserves special attention since it is a factor that affects oral hygiene. The recommended duration for tooth brushing is 120 seconds, yet many people do not follow this suggestion. The relationship between the duration of tooth brushing and the fluoride level in saliva after brushing is still debatable. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of brushing teeth for 2 minutes on fluoride levels in the saliva of children aged 7-8 years. This experiment employed a pretest-posttest design with the control group. This single-blind study involved students from SDN 03 Pagi Pasar Minggu as a group with a manual toothbrush (control group) and SDN 19 Cempaka Putih as a group brushing teeth with a timer (intervention group), each of which consisted of 20 students selected using simple random sampling. Measurement fluoride level in saliva using UV-VIS Spectrophotometer TECAN Infinite M200 Pro®. The study lasted for approximately 3 weeks. The results of the independent t-test indicated no significant difference in fluoride levels between the intervention and the control group (p>0.05), although the mean score of the intervention group was higher than the control group. In conclusion, a 2-minute toothbrush timer had the same ability as a manual toothbrush to increase the fluoride level in the saliva of children aged 7-8 years.

Keywords

brushing teeth; fluoride; duration; toothbrush; children; saliva

Full Text:

PDF

References

Kesehatan BPdP. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI; 2018. 184&221 p.

Sistemática URJIJO. Protocol of toothbrushing based on bioavailability of fluoride in toothpaste: a systematic review. 2016;10(3):433-41. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-381X2016000300009

George J, John JJIJDOS. The significance of brushing time in removing dental plaque. 2016;3(8):315-7. https://doi.org/10.19070/2377-8075-1600063

Rahardjo A, Maharani DA, Kiswanjaya B, Idrus E, Nicholson J, Cunningham PJ, et al. Measurement of tooth brushing frequency, time of day and duration of adults and children in Jakarta, Indonesia. 2014;21(3):3. https://doi.org/10.14693/jdi.v21i3.251

Gopdianto R, Rattu AM, Mariati NWJe-G. Status kebersihan mulut dan perilaku menyikat gigi anak SD Negeri 1 Malalayang. 2014;3(1). https://doi.org/10.35790/eg.3.1.2015.6457

Creeth J, Kelly SA, González-Cabezas C, Karwal R, Martinez-Mier EA, Lynch R, et al. Effect of toothbrushing duration and dentifrice quantity on enamel remineralisation: An in situ randomized clinical trial. 2016; 55: 61-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2016.10.003

Gallagher A, Sowinski J, Bowman J, Barrett K, Lowe S, Patel K, et al. The effect of brushing time and dentifrice on dental plaque removal in vivo. 2009;83(3):111-6.

Newby EE, Martinez‐Mier EA, Zero DT, Kelly SA, Fleming N, North M, et al. A randomised clinical study to evaluate the effect of brushing duration on fluoride levels in dental biofilm fluid and saliva in children aged 4–5 years. 2013;63:39-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12082

Saad, Hanan, et al. "Fluoride Intake Through Dental Care Products: A Systematic Review." Frontiers in oral health 2022:3. https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.916372

Mehta S, Vyaasini CS, Jindal L, Sharma V, Jasuja TJJoCMR, Opinion. Toothbrush, its design and modifications: An Overview. 2020;3(08):570. https://doi.org/10.15520/jcmro.v3i08.322

Creeth J, Zero D, Mau M, Bosma ML, Butler AJIdj. The effect of dentifrice quantity and toothbrushing behaviour on oral delivery and retention of fluoride in vivo. 2013;63:14-24. https://doi.org/10.1111/idj.12075

Vakil, N., Sachdeva, S., Goyal, P., & Singh, A. Evaluation of Relationship between Time of Manual Tooth-Brushing and Plaque Removal. Saudi J Oral Dent Res, May 2019; 4(5): 302-304

Prihastari, L., & Saffikri, A. Efektivitas Pemakaian Sikat Gigi Timer Dua Menit Terhadap Penurunan Skor Plak Gigi pada Anak Usia 7-8 Tahun. Andalas Dental Journal, 2022:10(1), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.25077/adj.v10i1.210

Talwar M, Tewari A, Chawla HS, Sachdev V, Sharma S. Relationship of Dental Caries with Fluoride Concentration in Unstimulated whole Saliva of 7 to 15-yearold Nonfluoride Users. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2014;3(2): 59-62. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1072

Al-Akwa AA, Al-Maweri SA. Dental caries prevalence and its association with fluoride level in drinking water in Sana'a, Yemen. Eur J Dent. 2018;12(1):15-20. https://doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_187_17

American Dental Association A. Brush Teeth - American Dental Association. Mouthhealthy 2019 [Available from: http://www.mouthhealthy.org/en/az-topics/b/brushing-your-teeth.

Mafla, Ana Cristina, et al. Association of children’s toothbrushing and fine motor skills: a cross-sectional study. Brazilian Oral Research 2022:36. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0103

Albahrani, Marwah M., et al. Salivary fluoride concentration following toothbrushing with and without rinsing: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Oral Health 22.1 (2022): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-022-02086-5

Opydo-Szymaczek J, Pawlaczyk-Kamieńska T, Borysewicz-Lewicka M. Fluoride Intake and Salivary Fluoride Retention after Using High-Fluoride Toothpaste Followed by Post-Brushing Water Rinsing and Conventional (1400-1450 ppm) Fluoride Toothpastes Used without Rinsing. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(20):13235. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013235

Pitts, N., Duckworth, R. M., Marsh, P., Mutti, B., Parnell, C., & Zero, D. (2012). Post-brushing rinsing for the control of dental caries: exploration of the available evidence to establish what advice we should give our patients. British Dental Journal, 212(7), 315-320. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.260

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/di.v12i1.15593