Peran Umpatan dalam Bahasa Jepang: Kajian Sosiopragmatik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.v6i1.12393Keywords:
umpatan, peran umpatan, sosiopragmatikAbstract
Umpatan merupakan bentuk tuturan yang berfungsi untuk menyampaikan emosi kuat. Secara umum, umpatan dianggap sebagai hal negatif karena fungsinya yang cenderung bersifat menyakiti seseorang. Oleh karena itu, umpatan dikategorikan ke dalam bahasa tabu yang penggunaanya dalam masyarakat dilarang karena berlawanan dengan norma-norma kesantunan. Meskipun begitu, tuturan umpatan juga perlu dipahami secara sosiopragmatik. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan digunakannya umpatan juga beragam. Untuk memahami umpatan, diperlukan interpretasi yang sama antara penutur dan lawan tutur mengenai makna serta tujuan diucapkannya umpatan. Bahasa Jepang tergolong ke dalam bahasa yang memiliki jenis umpatan sedikit, bahkan dianggap sebagai “swearless language”. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya kepercayaan terhadap kotodama. Pada penelitian ini, penulis akan membahas bagaimana penggunaan serta peran umpatan dengan menggunakan kajian sosiopragmatik. Penelitian ini tergolong ke dalam penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan sumber data dari Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese (BCCWJ). Data yang diambil dibatasi dengan mengambil data yang ada pada tahun 2008. Kata yang diteliti yaitu kuso shine, dan yatsu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, fungsi umpatan dalam bahasa Jepang yaitu untuk menekankan emosi terhadap seseorang/kejadian serta sebagai ciri khas penutur. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat diketahui bahwa umpatan dalam bahasa Jepang berperan sebagai “media” untuk menyalurkan emosi yang dirasakan penutur.
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