Leveraging LFP Architecture for Pneumothorax Detection in Chest X-rays
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v6i1.25107Keywords:
LFP Algorithm, Perceptron, Deep Learning, PneumothoraxAbstract
The frequency of pneumothorax diagnoses has risen since the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to an increase in related research. This study presents a novel approach for pneumothorax detection using the Learning Focal Point (LFP) architecture, which is based on the LFP algorithm. The LFP architecture segments chest X-ray images into multiple zones, allowing for the effective extraction of critical regions associated with pneumothorax. By focusing on these essential zones, the method aims to enhance the accuracy and reliability of detection, optimizing both training and testing processes. Unlike traditional methods that process the entire image, the LFP architecture prioritizes the most relevant areas, improving the efficiency of the model. Our results demonstrate a significant improvement in detection accuracy, achieving an impressive score of 0.87. This advancement holds promise for aiding clinicians in making more accurate diagnoses and providing timely interventions for patients suffering from pneumothorax. The proposed LFP-based method can be a valuable tool in medical imaging, particularly in the context of emergency care, where rapid and reliable diagnosis is crucial. Overall, the study highlights the potential of the LFP architecture to improve pneumothorax detection and contribute to the advancement of medical diagnostic technologies.
References
W. A. D. Strasse, D. P. Campos, J. Mendes, C. J. A. Mendonca, J. F. Soni, and P. Nohama, “Image Acquisition Protocol by Infrared Medical Thermography in Diaphyseal Tibial Injuries in a Patient Diagnosed with Pseudarthrosis – A Case Study,” in 2021 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE), pp. 1–4, 2021, doi: 10.1109/GMEPE/PAHCE50215.2021.9434847.
S. Pan et al., “Land-cover classification of multispectral LiDAR data using CNN with optimized hyper-parameters,” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 166, pp. 241–254, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2020.05.022.
R. B. Mancilla, C. Daul, J. G. Martinez, L. L. Salas, D. Wolf, and A. V. Hernandez, “A Quantitative Method for the Detection of Temperature Differences on the Sole of the Foot in Diabetic Patients,” in 2021 Global Medical Engineering Physics Exchanges/Pan American Health Care Exchanges (GMEPE/PAHCE), pp. 1–5, 2021, doi: 10.1109/GMEPE/PAHCE50215.2021.9434852.
R. Bayareh Mancilla, C. Daul, J. Gutierrez Martinez, A. Vera Hernandez, D. Wolf, and L. Leija Salas, “Detection of Sore-risk Regions on the Foot Sole with Digital Image Processing and Passive Thermography in Diabetic Patients,” in 2020 17th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE), pp. 1–6, 2020, doi: 10.1109/CCE50788.2020.9299144.
C. B. Goncalves, J. R. Souza, and H. Fernandes, “Classification of static infrared images using pre-trained CNN for breast cancer detection,” in 2021 IEEE 34th International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (CBMS), pp. 101–106, 2021, doi: 10.1109/CBMS52027.2021.00094.
K. Rassels and P. French, “Accurate Body Temperature Measurement of a Neonate Uusing Thermography Technology,” in 2021 Smart Systems Integration (SSI), pp. 1–5, 2021, doi: 10.1109/SSI52265.2021.9467024.
M. A. Farooq and P. Corcoran, “Infrared Imaging for Human Thermography and Breast Tumor Classification using Thermal Images,” in 2020 31st Irish Signals and Systems Conference (ISSC), pp. 1–6, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1109/ISSC49989.2020.9180164.
Y. Dang, C. Benzaid, B. Yang, T. Taleb, and Y. Shen, “Deep-Ensemble-Learning-Based GPS Spoofing Detection for Cellular-Connected UAVs,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 9, no. 24, pp. 25068–25085, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2022.3195320.
P. Rajadanuraks, S. Suranuntchai, S. Pechprasarn, and T. Treebupachatsakul, “Performance Comparison for Different Neural Network Architectures for chest X-Ray Image Classification,” in 2021 7th International Conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST), pp. 49–53, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ICEAST52143.2021.9426289.
M. B. Bora, D. Daimary, K. Amitab, and D. Kandar, “Handwritten Character Recognition from Images using CNN-ECOC,” Procedia Computer Science, vol. 167, pp. 2403–2409, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.procs.2020.03.293.
A. M. Fangoh and S. Selim, “Using CNN-XGBoost Deep Networks for COVID-19 Detection in Chest X-ray Images,” in 2020 15th International Conference on Computer Engineering and Systems (ICCES), pp. 1–7, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ICCES51560.2020.9334600.
N. Nafi’iyah and E. Setyati, “Lung X-Ray Image Enhancement to Identify Pneumonia with CNN,” in 2021 3rd East Indonesia Conference on Computer and Information Technology (EIConCIT), pp. 421–426, 2021, doi: 10.1109/EIConCIT50028.2021.9431856.
P. Naveen and B. Diwan, “Pre-trained VGG-16 with CNN Architecture to classify X-Rays images into Normal or Pneumonia,” in 2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI), pp. 102–105, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ESCI50559.2021.9396997.
Y. Ge et al., “Enhancing the X-Ray Differential Phase Contrast Image Quality With Deep Learning Technique,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 1751–1758, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2020.3011119.
G. Labhane, R. Pansare, S. Maheshwari, R. Tiwari, and A. Shukla, “Detection of Pediatric Pneumonia from Chest X-Ray Images using CNN and Transfer Learning,” in 2020 3rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Computer Engineering: Machine Learning and Internet of Things (ICETCE), pp. 85–92, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ICETCE48199.2020.9091755.
Y. Luo, S. Majoe, J. Kui, H. Qi, K. Pushparajah, and K. Rhode, “Ultra-Dense Denoising Network: Application to Cardiac Catheter-Based X-Ray Procedures,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 68, no. 9, pp. 2626–2636, Sep. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TBME.2020.3041571.
S. Tewari, U. Agrawal, S. Verma, S. Kumar, and S. Jeevaraj, “Ensemble Model for COVID-19 detection from chest X-ray Scans using Image Segmentation, Fuzzy Color and Stacking Approaches,” in 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Information & Communication Technology (CICT), pp. 1–6, 2020, doi: 10.1109/CICT51604.2020.9312076.
G. Aparna, S. Gowri, R. Bharathi, V. J. S, J. J, and A. P, “COVID-19 Prediction using X-Ray Images,” in 2021 5th International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI), pp. 903–908, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ICOEI51242.2021.9452740.
T. Hassan, M. Bettayeb, S. Akcay, S. Khan, M. Bennamoun, and N. Werghi, “Detecting Prohibited Items in X-Ray Images: a Contour Proposal Learning Approach,” in 2020 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), pp. 2016–2020, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1109/ICIP40778.2020.9190711.
İ. Güven and F. Şimşir, “Demand forecasting with color parameter in retail apparel industry using artificial neural networks (ANN) and support vector machines (SVM) methods,” Computers & Industrial Engineering, vol. 147, p. 106678, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cie.2020.106678.
S. H. G. Silva et al., “Soil texture prediction in tropical soils: A portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry approach,” Geoderma, vol. 362, p. 114136, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114136.
S. Parveen and K. B. Khan, “Detection and classification of pneumonia in chest X-ray images by supervised learning,” in 2020 IEEE 23rd International Multitopic Conference (INMIC), pp. 1–5, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1109/INMIC50486.2020.9318118.
T. Van De Looverbosch et al., “Nondestructive internal quality inspection of pear fruit by X-ray CT using machine learning,” Food Control, vol. 113, p. 107170, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107170.
M. Raju Ahmed, J. Yasmin, C. Wakholi, P. Mukasa, and B.-K. Cho, “Classification of pepper seed quality based on internal structure using X-ray CT imaging,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 179, p. 105839, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105839.
L. Weijiao, C. Jiamin, W. Xiaomei, and W. Weiqi, “Automatic detection of body packing in abdominal X-ray images,” Forensic Imaging, vol. 22, p. 200392, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.fri.2020.200392.
A. Bhandary et al., “Deep-learning framework to detect lung abnormality – A study with chest X-Ray and lung CT scan images,” Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 129, pp. 271–278, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2019.11.013.
B. Chen, Z. Zhang, J. Lin, Y. Chen, and G. Lu, “Two-stream collaborative network for multi-label chest X-ray Image classification with lung segmentation,” Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 135, pp. 221–227, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2020.04.016.
M. M. A. Monshi, J. Poon, and V. Chung, “Deep learning in generating radiology reports: A survey,” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, vol. 106, p. 101878, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.artmed.2020.101878.
A. Bustos, A. Pertusa, J.-M. Salinas, and M. De La Iglesia-Vayá, “PadChest: A large chest x-ray image dataset with multi-label annotated reports,” Medical Image Analysis, vol. 66, p. 101797, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101797.
B. Abraham and M. S. Nair, “Computer-aided detection of COVID-19 from X-ray images using multi-CNN and Bayesnet classifier,” Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 1436–1445, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.bbe.2020.08.005.
Md. Z. Islam, Md. M. Islam, and A. Asraf, “A combined deep CNN-LSTM network for the detection of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) using X-ray images,” Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, vol. 20, p. 100412, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100412.
C. Rao and Y. Liu, “Three-dimensional convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) for heterogeneous material homogenization,” Computational Materials Science, vol. 184, p. 109850, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.commatsci.2020.109850.
W. Yang, Z. Li, C. Wang, and J. Li, “A multi-task Faster R-CNN method for 3D vehicle detection based on a single image,” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 95, p. 106533, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106533.
X. Xu, S. Caulfield, J. Amaro, G. Falcao, and D. Moloney, “1.2 Watt Classification of 3D Voxel Based Point-clouds using a CNN on a Neural Compute Stick,” Neurocomputing, vol. 393, pp. 165–174, Jun. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2018.10.114.
J. Cheng, Y. Liu, and Y. Ma, “Protein secondary structure prediction based on integration of CNN and LSTM model,” Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 71, p. 102844, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2020.102844.
R. Rosati, L. Romeo, S. Silvestri, F. Marcheggiani, L. Tiano, and E. Frontoni, “Faster R-CNN approach for detection and quantification of DNA damage in comet assay images,” Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol. 123, p. 103912, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103912.
S. Hassantabar, M. Ahmadi, and A. Sharifi, “Diagnosis and detection of infected tissue of COVID-19 patients based on lung x-ray image using convolutional neural network approaches,” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, vol. 140, p. 110170, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110170.
P. Afshar, S. Heidarian, F. Naderkhani, A. Oikonomou, K. N. Plataniotis, and A. Mohammadi, “COVID-CAPS: A capsule network-based framework for identification of COVID-19 cases from X-ray images,” Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 138, pp. 638–643, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.patrec.2020.09.010.
S. Bharati, P. Podder, and M. R. H. Mondal, “Hybrid deep learning for detecting lung diseases from X-ray images,” Informatics in Medicine Unlocked, vol. 20, p. 100391, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.imu.2020.100391.
S. Gehlot, A. Gupta, and R. Gupta, “SDCT-AuxNet : DCT augmented stain deconvolutional CNN with auxiliary classifier for cancer diagnosis,” Medical Image Analysis, vol. 61, p. 101661, Apr. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101661.
M. Gherardini, E. Mazomenos, A. Menciassi, and D. Stoyanov, “Catheter segmentation in X-ray fluoroscopy using synthetic data and transfer learning with light U-nets,” Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 192, p. 105420, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2020.105420.
Z. Mei, K. Ivanov, G. Zhao, Y. Wu, M. Liu, and L. Wang, “Foot type classification using sensor-enabled footwear and 1D-CNN,” Measurement, vol. 165, p. 108184, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108184.
J. Bonnard, K. Abdelouahab, M. Pelcat, and F. Berry, “On building a CNN-based multi-view smart camera for real-time object detection,” Microprocessors and Microsystems, vol. 77, p. 103177, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103177.
L. M. Schliephake, I. Trempler, M. A. Roehe, N. Heins, and R. I. Schubotz, “Positive and negative prediction error signals to violated expectations of face and place stimuli distinctively activate FFA and PPA,” NeuroImage, vol. 236, p. 118028, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118028.
A. M. Muir, A. C. Eberhard, M. S. Walker, A. Bennion, M. South, and M. J. Larson, “Dissociating the effect of reward uncertainty and timing uncertainty on neural indices of reward prediction errors: A reward positivity (RewP) event-related potential (ERP) study,” Biological Psychology, vol. 163, p. 108121, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108121.
V. N. Almeida, “Neurophysiological basis of the N400 deflection, from Mismatch Negativity to Semantic Prediction Potentials and late positive components,” International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol. 166, pp. 134–150, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.06.001.
E. Rawls and C. Lamm, “The aversion positivity: Mediofrontal cortical potentials reflect parametric aversive prediction errors and drive behavioral modification following negative reinforcement,” Cortex, vol. 140, pp. 26–39, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.03.012.
S.-E. Mansour, A. Sakhi, L. Kzaz, O. Tali, and A. Sekkaki, “Focal Point of Learning,” in 2021 IEEE 12th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), pp. 0522–0526, 2021, doi: 10.1109/UEMCON53757.2021.9666524.
A. Sakhi, S.-E. Mansour, A. Sekkaki, and K. Benzidane, “The Use of the AI to Classify the Emotion Intelligence (EI) Students,” in 2022 IEEE 13th Annual Information Technology, Electronics and Mobile Communication Conference (IEMCON), pp. 0148–0152, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1109/IEMCON56893.2022.9946581.
S.-E. Mansour, A. Sakhi, L. Kzaz, A. Erroutbi, and A. Sekkaki, “Electronic device for acquiring images of sardine cans,” in 2022 IEEE World AI IoT Congress (AIIoT), pp. 471–475, 2022, doi: 10.1109/AIIoT54504.2022.9817260.
M. Loukili, F. Messaoudi, and M. El Ghazi, “Enhancing Customer Retention through Deep Learning and Imbalanced Data Techniques,” Iraqi Journal of Science, pp. 2853–2866, May 2024, doi: 10.24996/ijs.2024.65.5.39.
S. Eddine Mansour, A. Sakhi, L. Kzaz, O. Tali, and A. Sekkaki, “Design, security and implementation of learning focal point algorithm in a docker container,” IJEECS, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 416, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v33.i1.pp416-424.
S.-E. Mansour, A. Sakhi, L. Kzaz, and A. Sekkaki, “Enhancing Security Mechanisms for IoT-Fog Networks,” Journal of Robotics and Control, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 152–159, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.18196/jrc.v5i1.20745.
A. Sakhi, S.-E. Mansour, and A. Sekkaki, “Using Learning Focal Point Algorithm to Classify Emotional Intelligence,” Journal of Robotics and Control, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 263–270, Feb. 2024, doi: 10.18196/jrc.v5i1.20895.
S. E. Mansour, A. Sakhi, L. Kzaz, and A. Sekkaki, “Leveraging the learning focal point algorithm for emotional intelligence,” IJRES, vol. 13, no. 3, p. 767, Nov. 2024, doi: 10.11591/ijres.v13.i3.pp767-773.
Z. Khoudi, M. Nachaoui, and S. Lyaqini, “Finding the contextual impacts on Students’ Mathematical performance using a Machine Learning-based Approach,” Infocommunications journal, vol. 16, no. Special Issue, pp. 12–21, 2024, doi: 10.36244/ICJ.2024.5.2.
J. Chen and Z. Wu, “A positive real order weakening buffer operator and its applications in grey prediction model,” Applied Soft Computing, vol. 99, p. 106922, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106922.
J. Hua et al., “Development and multicenter validation of a nomogram for preoperative prediction of lymph node positivity in pancreatic cancer (NeoPangram),” Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 163–172, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.12.020.
M. M. Odeh et al., “A prediction model of risk factors for complications among SARS-CoV2 positive patients: Cases from Jordan,” Journal of Infection and Public Health, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 689–695, Jun. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2021.02.010.
A. Sonawat, H.-M. Yang, and J.-H. Kim, “Experimental study of positive displacement hydraulic turbine at various temperatures and development of empirical co-relation for flowrate prediction,” Renewable Energy, vol. 172, pp. 1293–1300, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.03.118.
Y. Ochi et al., “Validation of the Kumamoto criteria for prediction of 99m technetium pyrophosphate scintigraphy positivity as a strategy for diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: A retrospective cohort study in Kochi,” Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, no. 2, pp. 124–130, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2020.06.019.
X. Hao et al., “MFC-CNN: An automatic grading scheme for light stress levels of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaves,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 179, p. 105847, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105847.
X. Guo, Q. Zhao, D. Zheng, Y. Ning, and Y. Gao, “A short-term load forecasting model of multi-scale CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network considering the real-time electricity price,” Energy Reports, vol. 6, pp. 1046–1053, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.11.078.
Y. Li, J. Nie, and X. Chao, “Do we really need deep CNN for plant diseases identification?,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 178, p. 105803, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.compag.2020.105803.
H. Cheng, H. Chen, Z. Li, and X. Cheng, “Ensemble 1-D CNN diagnosis model for VRF system refrigerant charge faults under heating condition,” Energy and Buildings, vol. 224, p. 110256, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2020.110256.
A. Taherkhani, G. Cosma, and T. M. McGinnity, “AdaBoost-CNN: An adaptive boosting algorithm for convolutional neural networks to classify multi-class imbalanced datasets using transfer learning,” Neurocomputing, vol. 404, pp. 351–366, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.neucom.2020.03.064.
A. Kumar, C. P. Gandhi, Y. Zhou, R. Kumar, and J. Xiang, “Improved deep convolution neural network (CNN) for the identification of defects in the centrifugal pump using acoustic images,” Applied Acoustics, vol. 167, p. 107399, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107399.
Q. Hong, H. Zhang, G. Wu, P. Nie, and C. Zhang, “The Recognition Method of Express Logistics Restricted Goods Based on Deep Convolution Neural Network,” in 2020 5th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Analytics (ICBDA), pp. 363–367, May 2020, doi: 10.1109/ICBDA49040.2020.9101222.
N. Tathawadekar, N. A. K. Doan, C. F. Silva, and N. Thuerey, “Modeling of the nonlinear flame response of a Bunsen-type flame via multi-layer perceptron,” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 6261–6269, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.proci.2020.07.115.
H. A. Mokhtari and S. A. Mirbagheri, “Investigation and modeling of a hybrid activated sludge system for municipal wastewater treatment using multi-layer perceptron neural networks,” Desalination and Water Treatment, vol. 210, pp. 123–133, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.5004/dwt.2021.26599.
M. Ehteram, A. N. Ahmed, P. Kumar, M. Sherif, and A. El-Shafie, “Predicting freshwater production and energy consumption in a seawater greenhouse based on ensemble frameworks using optimized multi-layer perceptron,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 6308–6326, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.079.
B. R. Murlidhar et al., “Prediction of flyrock distance induced by mine blasting using a novel Harris Hawks optimization-based multi-layer perceptron neural network,” Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1413–1427, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jrmge.2021.08.005.
F. Panahi, M. Ehteram, A. N. Ahmed, Y. F. Huang, A. Mosavi, and A. El-Shafie, “Streamflow prediction with large climate indices using several hybrid multilayer perceptrons and copula Bayesian model averaging,” Ecological Indicators, vol. 133, p. 108285, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2021.108285.
P. Sardar and S. R. Samadder, “Understanding the dynamics of landscape of greater Sundarban area using multi-layer perceptron Markov chain and landscape statistics approach,” Ecological Indicators, vol. 121, p. 106914, Feb. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106914.
G. Sadeghi, A. L. Pisello, S. Nazari, M. Jowzi, and F. Shama, “Empirical data-driven multi-layer perceptron and radial basis function techniques in predicting the performance of nanofluid-based modified tubular solar collectors,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 295, p. 126409, May 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126409.
N. N. Dey, A. Al Rakib, A.-A. Kafy, and V. Raikwar, “Geospatial modelling of changes in land use/land cover dynamics using Multi-layer Perceptron Markov chain model in Rajshahi City, Bangladesh,” Environmental Challenges, vol. 4, p. 100148, Aug. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.envc.2021.100148.
S. Fekri-Ershad, “Bark texture classification using improved local ternary patterns and multilayer neural network,” Expert Systems with Applications, vol. 158, p. 113509, Nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113509.
L. F. Simões Hoffmann, F. C. Parquet Bizarria, and J. W. Parquet Bizarria, “Detection of liner surface defects in solid rocket motors using multilayer perceptron neural networks,” Polymer Testing, vol. 88, p. 106559, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106559.
D. L. Pinto et al., “Image feature extraction via local binary patterns for marbling score classification in beef cattle using tree-based algorithms,” Livestock Science, vol. 267, p. 105152, Jan. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.livsci.2022.105152.
N. Guillou and G. Chapalain, “Machine learning methods applied to sea level predictions in the upper part of a tidal estuary,” Oceanologia, vol. 63, no. 4, pp. 531–544, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.oceano.2021.07.003.
O. F. Ayodele, B. V. Ayodele, S. I. Mustapa, and Y. Fernando, “Effect of activation function in modeling the nexus between carbon tax, CO2 emissions, and gas-fired power plant parameters,” Energy Conversion and Management: X, vol. 12, p. 100111, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2021.100111.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Salah-Eddine Mansour

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This journal is based on the work at https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jrc under license from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free to:
- Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even comercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms, which include the following:
- Attribution. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
• Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
JRC is licensed under an International License