The Impact of Photovoltaic Systems on the Performance of Induction Motor in Agricultural Irrigation Applications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v6i5.27195Keywords:
Solar Water Pumping, PV Panels, Agricultural Technology, Induction Motor, Agricultural Photovoltaic, Stand-alone PV SystemAbstract
Water is a vital resource in the agricultural sector, as most farmland relies on tubewells for irrigation. Solar photovoltaic pumping systems (SPVPS) have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable agricultural irrigation, providing clean and efficient alternatives to traditional energy sources. However, induction motors used in (SPVPS) suffer from problems including voltage instability, decreased efficiency, overheating, and mechanical stress due to the varying nature of PV electricity. This paper focuses on the analysis of an irrigation system by MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment to analyze the performance of (SPVWPS), which consists of a 22 kW three-phase induction motor connected to a photovoltaic system under the climatic operating conditions of Mosul, Iraq. The results showed that operating the water pump using the solar system led to a decrease in the motor torque by 9% and the motor efficiency decreased by 34.3% compared to when supplied with electrical power from the grid. The results showed that the system achieved its best performance at a peak of the solar irradiance of 860 W/m² and a temperature of 24.6°C, with the induction motor speed reaching 1,317 rpm and a maximum efficiency of 48.4%. The total harmonic distortion (THD) in the rotor current peaked at 184.37% at 24°C before decreasing to approximately 45.3% at higher temperatures. The increased THD is due to a combination of inverter stress, poor waveform quality under thermal load, and high-frequency disturbances caused by variable environmental conditions. It’s a typical challenge in solar-powered motor drives, especially in off-grid or remote agricultural systems. These results effectively contribute to supporting sustainable agricultural practices by ensuring the continuity and efficiency of motor operation.
References
F. Raza et al., “The Socio-Economic Impact of Using Photovoltaic (PV) Energy for High-Efficiency Irrigation Systems: A Case Study,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 1198, Feb. 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15031198.
M. Calero-Lara, R. López-Luque, and F. J. Casares, “Methodological Advances in the Design of Photovoltaic Irrigation,” Agronomy, vol. 11, no. 11, p. 2313, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/agronomy11112313.
F. B. Ismail, M. A. A. Rahmat, H. A. Kazem, A. S. M. Al‐Obaidi, and M. S. Ridwan, “Maximizing energy via solar‐powered smart irrigation: An approach utilizing a single‐axis solar tracking mechanism,” Irrig. Drain., vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 829–845, Jul. 2024, doi: 10.1002/ird.2937.
S. A. S. Yahiaoui Maamar, I. M. Elzein, A. Benameur, H. Mohamed, M. M. Mahmoud, and M. I. Mosaad, “A Comparative Analysis of Recent MPPT Algorithms (P&OINCFLC) for PV Systems,” J. Robot. Control, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1581–1588, 2025, doi: 10.18196/jrc.v6i4.25814 1581.
A. K. Mishra and B. Singh, “Solar‐powered switched reluctance motor‐driven water pumping system with battery support,” IET Power Electron., vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 1018–1031, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1049/pel2.12084.
J. I. Herraiz, J. Fernández-Ramos, R. Hogan Almeida, E. M. Báguena, M. Castillo-Cagigal, and L. Narvarte, “On the tuning and performance of Stand-Alone Large-Power PV irrigation systems,” Energy Convers. Manag. X, vol. 13, p. 100175, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2021.100175.
O. V. Shepovalov, A. T. Belenov, and S. V. Chirkov, “Review of photovoltaic water pumping system research,” Energy Reports, vol. 6. pp. 306–324, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2020.08.053.
A. Gündoğdu and B. Güre, “Design, Construction and Implementation of Low Cost Photovoltaic Water Pumping System for Agricultural Irrigatin,” Balk. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 72–80, 2019, doi: 10.17694/bajece.492804.
W. Hassan and F. Kamran, “A hybrid PV/utility powered irrigation water pumping system for rural agricultural areas,” Cogent Eng., vol. 5, no. 1, p. 1466383, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2018.1466383.
V. Kumar Yadav, R. Yadav, R. Singh, I. Mishra, I. Ganvir, and Manish, “Reconfiguration of PV array through recursive addition approach for optimal power extraction under PSC,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 292, p. 117412, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117412.
A. A. S. Sunil Rao, G. Muniraju, C. Tepedelenlioglu, D. Srinivasan, and G. Tamizhmani, “Dropout and Pruned Neural Networks for Fault Classification in Photovoltaic Arrays,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 120034–120042, 2021.
S. S. Chandel, M. N. Naik, and R. Chandel, “Review of performance studies of direct coupled photovoltaic water pumping systems and case study,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 76, pp. 163–175, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.03.019.
A. Mokeddem, A. Midoun, D. Kadri, S. Hiadsi, and I. A. Raja, “Performance of a directly-coupled PV water pumping system,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 52, no. 10, pp. 3089–3095, Sep. 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2011.04.024.
S. S. Chandel, M. Nagaraju Naik, and R. Chandel, “Review of solar photovoltaic water pumping system technology for irrigation and community drinking water supplies,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 49, pp. 1084–1099, Sep. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.04.083.
L. Gevorkov, J. L. Domínguez-García, and L. T. Romero, “Review on Solar Photovoltaic-Powered Pumping Systems,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 1, p. 94, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.3390/en16010094.
G. Li, Y. Jin, M. W. Akram, and X. Chen, “Research and current status of the solar photovoltaic water pumping system – A review,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 79, pp. 440–458, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.055.
L. A. Kumar, C. N. Lakshmiprasad, G. Ramaraj, and G. Sivasurya, “Design, simulation of different configurations and life-cycle cost analysis of solar photovoltaic–water-pumping system for agriculture applications: use cases and implementation issues,” Clean Energy, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 335–352, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1093/ce/zkac018.
V. S. Korpale, D. H. Kokate, and S. P. Deshmukh, “Performance Assessment of Solar Agricultural Water Pumping System,” Energy Procedia, vol. 90, pp. 518–524, Dec. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.219.
F. Belgacem, M. Mostefai, M. Yahia, and A. Belgacem, “Optimization of Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Based on BLDC Motor for Agricultural Irrigation with Different MPPT Methods,” Period. Polytech. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 315–324, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.3311/PPee.20140.
R. A. Othman and O. S. A. D. Yehya Al-Yozbaky, “Influence of reactive power compensation from PV systems on electrical grid,” Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1172–1183, 2023, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp1172-1183.
P. Choudhary, R. K. Srivatava, and S. De, “Solar powered induction motor based water pumping system: A review of components, parameters and control methodologies,” in 2017 4th IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Electronics, UPCON 2017, pp. 666–674, 2017, doi: 10.1109/UPCON.2017.8251129.
A.-R. Bawa, A. K. Sunnu, and E. A. Sarsah, “Recent Advances in Solar-powered Photovoltaic Pumping Systems for Drip Irrigation,” iRASD J. Energy Environ., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 112–132, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.52131/jee.2023.0402.0040.
U. Sharma and B. Singh, “Utility-Tied Solar Water Pumping System for Domestic and Agricultural Applications,” J. Inst. Eng. Ser. B, vol. 101, no. 1, pp. 79–91, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s40031-020-00426-z.
M. A. Gebul, “Trend, Status, and Challenges of Irrigation Development in Ethiopia—A Review,” Sustainability, vol. 13, no. 10, p. 5646, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/su13105646.
R. A. Othman and O. S. A.-D. Al-Yozbaky, “Effect of Reactive Power Capability of the PV Inverter on the Power System Quality,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Informatics, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 780–795, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.52549/ijeei.v10i4.3913.
R. Chinthamalla, R. Karampuri, S. Jain, P. Sanjeevikumar, and F. Blaabjerg, “Dual Solar Photovoltaic Fed Three-Phase Open-End Winding Induction Motor Drive for Water Pumping System Application,” Electr. Power Components Syst., vol. 46, no. 16–17, pp. 1896–1911, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1080/15325008.2018.1520324.
J. Reca-Cardeña and R. López-Luque, “Design Principles of Photovoltaic Irrigation Systems,” in Advances in Renewable Energies and Power Technologies, pp. 295–333, 2018, doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-812959-3.00009-5.
S. V. Rami Reddy et al., “TS fuzzy control of PV assisted single phase three phase induction motor drive for rural pumping applications,” Trans. Energy Syst. Eng. Appl., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–17, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.32397/tesea.vol5.n1.537.
A. T. Mohsin and I. M. Abdulbaqi, “Analysis of an Irrigation Pump Driver Fed by Solar PV Panels (Part II),” in 2018 International Conference on Engineering Technology and their Applications (IICETA), pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.1109/IICETA.2018.8458080.
M. J. Mohana Rao, M. Kumar Sahu, and P. Kumar Subudhi, “Pv based water pumping system for agricultural sector,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1008–1016, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.177.
D. Bojang, E. Nhantumbo, M. Verma, and A. Kulkarni, “PV-Fed Single-Phase Induction Motor for Irrigation Application,” J. Inst. Eng. Ser. B, vol. 105, no. 2, pp. 335–342, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1007/s40031-023-00975-z.
S. Kalasathya, “Implementation of Solar Power Ac Motor Pump Set on MPPT With Battery Backup For Agriculture System,” Int. J. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 2, pp. 18928–18933, Nov. 2016, doi: 10.18535/ijecs/v5i11.36.
K. Kenge, M. Hasija, R. Tare, and S. S. Raghuwanshi, “Mathematical Modelling and Implementation of Solar Based Water Pumping System for Irrigation,” Int. J. Recent Technol. Eng., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 5596–5601, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.35940/ijrte.E6706.018520.
L. R. Valer, T. A. Melendez, M. C. Fedrizzi, R. Zilles, and A. M. de Moraes, “Variable-speed drives in photovoltaic pumping systems for irrigation in Brazil,” Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, vol. 15. pp. 20–26, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2016.03.003.
J. Reca, C. Torrente, R. López-Luque, and J. Martínez, “Feasibility analysis of a standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system for irrigation in Mediterranean greenhouses,” Renew. Energy, vol. 85, pp. 1143–1154, Jan. 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.07.056.
B. Bouzidi, “New sizing method of PV water pumping systems,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 4, pp. 1–10, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2013.08.004.
V. H. Kumar, R. Patel, L. K. Sahu, and Y. Kishor, “Solar photovoltaic-integrated energy storage system with a power electronic interface for operating a brushless DC drive-coupled agricultural load,” Energy Harvest. Syst., vol. 11, no. 1, Apr. 2024, doi: 10.1515/EHS-2023-0127.
S. F. A. Bukhari, H. Kahveci, and M. E. Şahin, “Single Phase Induction Motor Driver for Water Pumping Powered by Photovoltaic System,” Electronics, vol. 14, no. 6, p. 1189, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.3390/electronics14061189.
Z. K. Gurgi, A. I. Abdalla, and E. D. Hassan, “Simulation analysis of DC motor based solar water pumping system for agriculture applications in Rural areas,” Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst., vol. 14, no. 4, p. 2409, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i4.pp2409-2417.
S. BalaKumar, M. Lemma, and M. Godato, “Solar-powered ANN-based MPPT with zeta converter for BLDC motor water pumping in rural Ethiopia for sustainable agriculture,” Discov. Sustain., vol. 6, no. 1, p. 140, Feb. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s43621-025-00893-8.
V. Kavya, V. Jegathesan, and T. Jarin, “A novel approach for solar combined open-ended winding induction machine for agriculture water pumping applications,” Meas. Sensors, vol. 33, p. 101141, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.measen.2024.101141.
E. Nhantumbo, D. Bojang, M. Verma, and A. Kulkarni, “Design of a PV-Fed Drive System with a Single-Phase Induction Motor for Irrigation Application,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 405, p. 02026, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202340502026.
H. Attia, M. Takruri, and A. Al-Ataby, “Intelligent algorithm-based maximum power point tracker for an off-grid photovoltaic-powered direct-current irrigation system,” Clean Energy, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 48–61, Jun. 2024, doi: 10.1093/ce/zkae023.
N. S. Okomba, A. O. Esan, B. A. Omodunbi, A. A. Sobowale, O. O. Adanigbo, and O. O. Oguntuase, “Iot Based Solar Powered Pump For Agricultural Irrigation And Control System,” Fudma J. Sci., vol. 7, no. 6, pp. 192–199, Dec. 2023, doi: 10.33003/fjs-2023-0706-2056.
S. R. Gundala et al., “Enhancing the solar water pumping efficiency through Beta MPPT method-controlled drive,” Trans. Energy Syst. Eng. Appl., vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1–13, May 2024, doi: 10.32397/tesea.vol5.n1.568.
A. Yahia, M. T. Makhloufi, K. Chafaa, N. Terki, and M. Hamiane, “Enhanced Maximum Power Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Systems Using Adaptive Fuzzy Control,” J. Robot. Control, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1434–1449, 2025, doi: 10.18196/jrc.v6i3.26451.
S. G. Malla, P. Malla, M. Karthik, D. S. Kumar, and H. Awad, “Modified Invasive Weed Optimization for the Control of Photovoltaic Powered Induction Motor Drives in Water Pumping Systems,” Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Electr. Eng., vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 925–938, Sep. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s40998-023-00589-7.
N. El Ouanjli et al., “Modern improvement techniques of direct torque control for induction motor drives - a review,” Prot. Control Mod. Power Syst., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1–12, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1186/s41601-019-0125-5.
D. Balamurali et al., “A solar-powered, internet of things (IoT)-controlled water irrigation system supported by rainfall forecasts utilizing aerosols: a review,” Environ. Dev. Sustain., Jan. 2025, doi: 10.1007/s10668-024-05953-z.
T. A. Manfo and M. E. Şahin, “Development of an Automatic Photovoltaic Cell-Battery Powered Water Irrigation System Incorporated with Arduino Software for Agricultural Activities,” Gazi J. Eng. Sci., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 314–328, Aug. 2024, doi: 10.30855/gmbd.0705A07.
A. Morchid, R. Jebabra, H. M. Khalid, R. El Alami, H. Qjidaa, and M. Ouazzani Jamil, “IoT-based smart irrigation management system to enhance agricultural water security using embedded systems, telemetry data, and cloud computing,” Results Eng., vol. 23, p. 102829, Sep. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102829.
S. J. Sarkar, P. K. Kundu, S. K. Sahoo, T. K. Panigrahi, P. S. Patro, and A. Rajak, “Development of utility assisting controllers for solarised irrigation system,” Renew. Energy Focus, vol. 45, pp. 53–67, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ref.2023.02.004.
R. A. Othman and O. S. Alyozbaky, “A Novel Method to Improve the Power Quality Via Hybrid System,” Prz. Elektrotechniczny, vol. 2023, no. 6, pp. 167–174, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.15199/48.2023.06.35.
M. A. Qasim and T. H. Atyia, “Design and implementation of VSI for solar water pump control,” Tikrit J. Eng. Sci., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 193–210, 2024.
S. J. Sarkar, P. K. Kundu, S. K. Sahoo, D. Dehury, S. Patri, and F. Yanine, “Development of a low cost, microcontroller less irrigation pump controller for solarised irrigation system,” in 2021 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT), pp. 1–6, 2021.
J. Cho, S. M. Park, A. Reum Park, O. C. Lee, G. Nam, and I. H. Ra, “Application of photovoltaic systems for agriculture: A study on the relationship between power generation and farming for the improvement of photovoltaic applications in agriculture,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 18. pp. 1–18, 2020. doi: 10.3390/en13184815.
A. Loubna, T. Riad, and M. Salima, “Standalone photovoltaic array fed induction motor driven water pumping system,” Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng., vol. 10, no. 5, p. 4534, Oct. 2020, doi: 10.11591/ijece.v10i5.pp4534-4542.
A. Harkani and A. El Aissaoui, "Performance study of a standalone direct pumping photovoltaic system used for drip irrigation," Agricultural Engineering International: CIGR Journal, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 114-122, 2019.
S. S. Dessouky, A. A. Elbaset, A. H. K. Alaboudy, H. A. Ibrahim, and S. A. M. Abdelwahab, “Performance improvement of a PV-powered induction-motor-driven water pumping system,” 2016 18th International Middle-East Power Systems Conference, MEPCON 2016 - Proceedings., pp. 373–379, 2017, doi: 10.1109/MEPCON.2016.7836918.
J. Kapica, “Small scale stand-alone photovoltaic pumping system with brushless DC motor for irrigation in agriculture,” J. Renew. Sustain. Energy, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1–14, 2017, doi: 10.1063/1.4991456.
B. Singh, U. Sharma, and S. Kumar, “Standalone Photovoltaic Water Pumping System Using Induction Motor Drive With Reduced Sensors,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 3645–3655, Jul. 2018, doi: 10.1109/TIA.2018.2825285.
A. Khiareddine, C. Ben Salah, and M. F. Mimouni, “Power management of a photovoltaic/battery pumping system in agricultural experiment station,” Sol. Energy, vol. 112, pp. 319–338, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.solener.2014.11.020.
S. Pant and R. P. Saini, “Solar Water Pumping System Modelling and Analysis using MATLAB/Simulink,” in 2020 IEEE Students Conference on Engineering & Systems (SCES), pp. 1–6, 2020, doi: 10.1109/SCES50439.2020.9236716.
K. A. Sado, L. H. Hassan, and M. Moghavvemi, “Design of a PV-powered DC water pump system for irrigation: a case study,” in 2018 53rd International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC), pp. 1–6, 2018, doi: 10.1109/UPEC.2018.8542072.
S. Biswas and M. T. Iqbal, “Dynamic Modelling of a Solar Water Pumping System with Energy Storage,” J. Sol. Energy, vol. 2018, no. 1, pp. 1–12, Apr. 2018, doi: 10.1155/2018/8471715.
M. V. Hadole, P. Bajpai, and K. N. Tiwari, “Modeling and planning operation of directly coupled solar photovoltaic pump operated drip irrigation system with a case study,” Clean Technol. Environ. Policy, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 2911–2929, Nov. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10098-022-02376-0.
Kunaifi, Liliana, H. Simaremare, Mulyono, and W. Anjarjati, “Design and Analysis of Solar Water Pumping for Salt Production in Indonesia,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 927, no. 1, p. 012021, Dec. 2021, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/927/1/012021.
D. A. Pham, “Modeling and Simulation of Photovoltaic Pumping System Used for Irrigation,” in 2021 9th International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC), pp. 1–5, 2021, doi: 10.1109/IRSEC53969.2021.9740735.
S. K. Kakodia and G. Dyanamina, “Matlab/Simulation of Solar PV Array Powered Speed Control of IM Drive for Water Pumping,” in 2021 International Conference on Control, Automation, Power and Signal Processing (CAPS), pp. 1–5, 2021, doi: 10.1109/CAPS52117.2021.9730676.
P. Jain and D. K. Palwalia, “SPV Water Pumping system using Induction Motor Drive For Stand-Alone Application With Minimum Sensors,” in 2019 Global Conference for Advancement in Technology (GCAT), pp. 1–4, 2019, doi: 10.1109/GCAT47503.2019.8978420.
R. Kumari and R. Dahiya, “Speed control of solar water pumping with indirect vector control technique,” in 2018 2nd International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC), pp. 1401–1406, 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICISC.2018.8399039.
R. K. Singh, A. Kumar, and B. K. Naick, “Optimised Solar Power Fed Induction Motor Drive for Water Pumping Application Along with Load,” in 2018 International Electrical Engineering Congress (iEECON), pp. 1–4, 2018, doi: 10.1109/IEECON.2018.8712192.
U. K. Kalla, N. Bhati, K. Chariya, and I. Qureshi, “Design and Analysis of Solar PV Fed IMD Water - Pumping System,” in 2021 International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Future Electric Transportation (SEFET), pp. 1–6, 2021, doi: 10.1109/SeFet48154.2021.9375744.
M. Sarvi and A. Azadian, “A comprehensive review and classified comparison of MPPT algorithms in PV systems,” Energy Syst., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 281–320, May 2022, doi: 10.1007/s12667-021-00427-x.
R. Jenitha and K. Rajesh, “Radial basis function neural network MPPT controller-based microgrid for hybrid stand-alone energy system used for irrigation,” Circuit World, vol. 49, no. 2, pp. 251–266, Apr. 2023, doi: 10.1108/CW-03-2022-0076.
R. B. A. Koad, A. F. Zobaa, and A. El-Shahat, “A Novel MPPT Algorithm Based on Particle Swarm Optimization for Photovoltaic Systems,” IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 468–476, Apr. 2017, doi: 10.1109/TSTE.2016.2606421.
R. Veramalla, R. Voddamalla, S. R. Salkuti, and V. Nagamalleswari, “MPPT Algorithms for Solar PV–Drip Irrigation System,” in Power Quality in Microgrids: Issues, Challenges and Mitigation Techniques, pp. 275–299, 2023, doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-2066-2_13.
M. A. E. Salama, N. M. El-Naggar, and S. Abu-Zaid, “Energy saving analysis for pump-motor set in water purification plant using variable speed drive,” Sci. Rep., vol. 14, no. 1, p. 27728, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-75601-z.
M. Errouha, S. Motahhir, Q. Combe, and A. Derouich, “Intelligent control of induction motor for photovoltaic water pumping system,” SN Appl. Sci., vol. 3, no. 9, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s42452-021-04757-4.
A. Belgacem, Y. Miloud, M. Mostefai, and F. Belgacem, “Fuzzy logic direct torque control of induction motor for photovoltaic water pumping system,” Int. J. Power Electron. Drive Syst., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1822–1832, 2022, doi: 10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i3.pp1822-1832.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Omar Sh. Al-Yozbaky, Raghad Adeeb Othman

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
This journal is based on the work at https://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jrc under license from Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free to:
- Share – copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.
- Adapt – remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, even comercially.
The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as long as you follow the license terms, which include the following:
- Attribution. You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- ShareAlike. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.
- No additional restrictions. You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
• Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA)
JRC is licensed under an International License