Developing a Comprehensive Digital Ecosystem Model to Enhance Competitive Advantage in Government-Fostered MSMEs
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18196/jbti.v16i2.26787Keywords:
Adoption of digital platforms, Business incubator program, Collaboration capability, Competitive advantage, Digital literacy for MSMEsAbstract
In response to the growing technological disruption, micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) require a comprehensive digital ecosystem as a crucial strategy to enhance their capabilities and competitiveness in a dynamic market. This study aims to develop and empirically validate a comprehensive digital ecosystem model grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory to enhance the competitive advantage of government-assisted MSMEs through optimizing the role of marketing performance. Based on the RBV theory, the research focuses on an in-depth analysis of four key elements of the MSME digital ecosystem: digital platform adoption capability, business incubator program effectiveness, MSME digital literacy, and collaboration capability. The research was conducted using a survey method on 238 MSME respondents from various sectors in Central Java, Indonesia. The research data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-AMOS). The results prove that digital platform adoption, business incubator programs, digital literacy, and collaboration capabilities significantly affect MSMEs' marketing performance and competitive advantage. The implications of this research emphasize the importance of building a comprehensive MSME digital ecosystem by adopting technology, business incubator programs, digital literacy, and MSME collaboration capabilities to improve MSME competitiveness. This research contributes to the marketing management literature by expanding the application of the Resource-Based View theory in the context of MSMEs.
References
Akpoviroro, K. S., Oba-Adenuga, O. A., & Akanmu, P. M. (2021). The role of business incubation in promoting entrepreneurship and SMEs development. Management and Entrepreneurship: Trends of Development, 2(16). https://doi.org/10.26661/2522-1566/2021-1/16-07
Al-Mubaraki, H. M., & Busler, M. (2011). The Development of Entrepreneurial Companies through Business Incubator Programs. International Journal of Emerging Science, 1(2), 95–107.
Andriani, D. P., Nur Aini, A. P., Anwar, A. A., & Adnandy, R. (2020). Risks analysis on digital platforms adoption to elevate SME businesses in developing country. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1569(2), 022096. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1569/2/022096
Barney, J. (1991). Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Barykin, S. Y., Kapustina, I. V., Kirillova, T. V., Yadykin, V. K., & Konnikov, Y. A. (2020). Economics of Digital Ecosystems. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(4), 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6040124
Cenamor, J., Parida, V., & Wincent, J. (2019). How entrepreneurial SMEs compete through digital platforms: The roles of digital platform capability, network capability and ambidexterity. Journal of Business Research, 100, 196–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.03.035
Chi, M., Lu, X., Zhao, J., & Li, Y. (2018). The impacts of digital business strategy on firm performance: the mediation analysis of e-collaboration capability. International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management, 10(2), 123. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJISCM.2018.094603
Cuthbertson, R. W., & Furseth, P. I. (2022). Digital services and competitive advantage: Strengthening the links between RBV, KBV, and innovation. Journal of Business Research, 152, 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.07.030
Davcik, N. S., & Sharma, P. (2016). Marketing resources, performance, and competitive advantage: A review and future research directions. Journal of Business Research, 69(12), 5547–5552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.04.169
Ferdinand, A. (2006). Structural Equation Modeling Dalam Penelitian Manajemen: Aplikasi Model-Model Rumit Dalam Penelitian untuk Tesis Magister dan Disertasi Doktor. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro. https://fia.ub.ac.id/katalog/index.php?p=show_detail&id=7973
Franklin, D., & Marshall, R. (2019). Adding co-creation as an antecedent condition leading to trust in business-to-business relationships. Industrial Marketing Management, 77, 170–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2018.10.002
Goldring, D. (2015). Reputation orientation. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 33(5), 784–803. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-11-2013-0183
Hair, J. F. J., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall. https://www.drnishikantjha.com/papersCollection/Multivariate Data Analysis.pdf
Haqqi, H. (2023). The Government’s Policy in Encouraging the Global Competitiveness of Indonesian MSMEs through the Digital Ecosystem. Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 29(8), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.9734/jemt/2023/v29i81115
Hong, J., & Lu, J. (2016). Assessing the effectiveness of business incubators in fostering SMEs: evidence from China. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 20(1/2), 45. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEIM.2016.075298
Jun, W., Nasir, M. H., Yousaf, Z., Khattak, A., Yasir, M., Javed, A., & Shirazi, S. H. (2022). Innovation performance in digital economy: does digital platform capability, improvisation capability and organizational readiness really matter? European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(5), 1309–1327. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-10-2020-0422
Kaufman, B. E. (2015). The RBV theory foundation of strategic HRM: Critical flaws, problems for research and practice, and an alternative economics paradigm. Human Resource Management Journal, 25(4), 516–540. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12085
Khan, A., & Tao, M. (2022). Knowledge absorption capacity’s efficacy to enhance innovation performance through big data analytics and digital platform capability. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(3), 100201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100201
Krajčík, V., Novotný, O., Civelek, M., & Semrádová Zvolánková, S. (2023). Digital Literacy and Digital Transformation Activities of Service and Manufacturing SMEs. Journal of Tourism and Services, 14(26), 242–262. https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v14i26.551
Lesáková, Ľ. (2012). The Role of Business Incubators in Supporting the SME Start-up. Acta Polytechnica Hungarica, 9(3), 85–95.
Lose, T., & K. Tengeh, R. (2016). An evaluation of the effectiveness of business incubation programs: a user satisfaction approach. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 13(2), 370–378. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(2-2).2016.12
Maijanen, P. (2022). Digital business ecosystems and dynamic capabilities. In Handbook on Digital Business Ecosystems. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839107191.00010
Malhotra, N. K. (2014). Basic Marketing Research (Forth Edit). Pearson Education Limited. https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9781292033785_A24589348/preview-9781292033785_A24589348.pdf
Marzi, G., Marrucci, A., Vianelli, D., & Ciappei, C. (2023). B2B digital platform adoption by SMEs and large firms: Pathways and pitfalls. Industrial Marketing Management, 114, 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.08.002
Morgan, T., & Anokhin, S. (2023). Entrepreneurial orientation and new product performance in SMEs: The mediating role of customer participation. Journal of Business Research, 164, 113921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113921
Mukhopadhyay, S., & Bouwman, H. (2019). Orchestration and governance in digital platform ecosystems: a literature review and trends. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 21(4), 329–351. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-11-2018-0067
Nuryakin. (2024). Entrepreneurial orientation and SME export performance: Unveiling the mediating roles of innovation capability and international networking accessibility in the brass industry. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 20(1), 30–46. https://doi.org/10.7341/20242012
Nuryakin, N. A., Widayanti, R., Damayanti, R., & Susanto, N. A. (2021). The importance of market information accessibility to enhancing SMEs Indonesian superior financial performance. International Journal of Business Innovation and Research, 25(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIR.2021.115010
Ojobo, C. A., Orga, C. C., & Okechukwu, E. U. (2023). Impact of digital literacy on the performance of small-scale business in Enugu State. Advance Journal Of Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 7(1). https://aspjournals.org/ajbed/index.php/ajbed/article/view/35
Ollerenshaw, A., Corbett, J., & Thompson, H. (2021). Increasing the digital literacy skills of regional SMEs through high-speed broadband access. Small Enterprise Research, 28(2), 115–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/13215906.2021.1919913
Saputra, M. H., & Pratomo, L. A. (2023). Optimization of relational capital and the strength of SMEs network collaboration to improve its performance: Evidence from Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Pemasaran Jasa, 16(1), 111–126. https://doi.org/10.25105/jmpj.v16i1.16527
Saputra, M. H., Utomo, M. N., Ariansyah, K., Wismayanti, Y. F., Ansyah, R. H. A., Koeswinarno, & Suradi. (2024). Small and medium-sized enterprises dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage: The mediating effect of digitalization. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 12(3), 41–67. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2024.120303
Senyo, P. K., Liu, K., & Effah, J. (2019). Digital business ecosystem: Literature review and a framework for future research. International Journal of Information Management, 47, 52–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.01.002
Sune, A., & Gibb, J. (2015). Dynamic capabilities as patterns of organizational change. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 28(2), 213–231. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-01-2015-0019
Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z
Valdez-De-Leon, O. (2019). How to Develop a Digital Ecosystem – a Practical Framework. Technology Innovation Management Review, 9(8), 43–54. https://doi.org/10.22215/timreview/1260
Williams, L. J., Ford, L. R., & Nguyen, N. (2004). Basic and Advanced Measurement Models for Confirmatory Factor Analysis. In Handbook of Research Methods in Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 366–389). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470756669.ch18
Williams, L. J., Vandenberg, R. J., & Edwards, J. R. (2009). 12 Structural Equation Modeling in Management Research: A Guide for Improved Analysis. Academy of Management Annals, 3(1), 543–604. https://doi.org/10.5465/19416520903065683
Wonglimpiyarat, J. (2016). The innovation incubator, university business incubator and technology transfer strategy: The case of Thailand. Technology in Society, 46, 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2016.04.002
Zaoui, F., & Souissi, N. (2020). Roadmap for digital transformation: A literature review. Procedia Computer Science, 175, 621–628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2020.07.090
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 JBTI : Jurnal Bisnis : Teori dan Implementasi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
JBTI : Jurnal Bisnis : Teori dan Implementasi is licensed under 
Creative Commons Attribution Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) before and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
