Forgiveness Therapy to Improve Subjective Well-Being Among Families of Patients with Chronic Illness
Abstract
Families (caregivers) of patients with chronic illness should ideally have high subjective well-being to care for chronic illness patients well. In reality, they cry frequently, look pensive, and have difficulty carrying out daily activities. This quasi-experimental study aims to examine the effect of forgiveness therapy on increasing the subjective well-being of families (caregivers) of patients with chronic illness. There were 11 participants (3 males and 9 females) divided into two groups, i.e., the treatment group consisting of 6 persons (1 male and 5 females) and the control group consisting of 5 persons (2 males and 3 females) who have looked after the patients with chronic illness for 2–8 years. The subjective well-being was measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The data were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney to compare means. The results showed differences in subjective well-being between the treatment and control groups. The results showed that forgiveness therapy has effectively improved subjective well-being in families or patients with chronic illness. Based on the results, the researcher suggested that forgiveness therapy can be used to provide psychological interventions to families of patients with chronic illnesses. Families still need support to optimize and stabilize the patient’s health condition
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Akhtar, S., Dolan, A., Barlow, J. (2017). Understanding the relationship between state forgiveness and psychological well-being: A qualitative study. J Relig Health., 56(2), 450–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-016-0188-9.
Akhtar, S. & Barlow, J. (2016). Forgiveness therapy for the promotion of mental well-being: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 19(1), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016637079
Akhyar, M., Ifthiharfi, R., Wahyuni, V., Putri, M. A., Putri, V. Y., Wildayati, W., & Rafly, M. (2019). Hubungan religiusitas dengan subjective well-being pada lansia di Jakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi MIND SET, 10(02), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.35814/mindset.v10i02.1236
Azra, FN (2017). Forgiveness dan subjective well-being dewasa awal atas perceraian orang tua pada masa remaja. Psikoborneo, 5(3), 294-302. http://e-journals.unmul.ac.id/index.php/psikoneo/article/view/4412.
Azwar, S. (2019). Reliability and validity. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Bintamur, B.F. (2020). The Association between Forgiveness and Life Satisfaction. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Psychology (ICPsy 2019), pages 174-180. Retrieved from https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2019/94406/94406.pdf
Dezutter, J., Toussaint, L., & Leijssen, M. (2016). Forgiveness, ego-integrity, and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling and residential elderly adults. Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 71(5), 786-797. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbu146
Diener E, Suh, E.M., Lucas R.E., Smith H. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin 125(2), 276-302
Elliott, B. A. (2011). Forgiveness therapy: A clinical intervention for chronic disease. Journal of Religion and Health, 50, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-010-9336-9
Enright, R. (2001). Forgiveness is a choice. Washington: American Psychological Association.
Fernández-Capo, M., Fernández, S. R., Sanfeliu, M. G., Benito, J. G., & Worthington, E. L., Jr. (2017). Measuring forgiveness: A systematic review. European Psychologist, 22(4), 247–262. https://doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000303
Fields, B., Makaroun, L., Rodriguez, K. L., Robinson, C., Forman, J., & Rosland, A. (2020). Caregiver role development in chronic disease: A qualitative study of informal caregiving for veterans with diabetes. Chronic Illness, 18(1), 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1742395320949633
Hagedoorn, E. I., Paans, W., Jaarsma, T., Keers, J. C., Schans, C. Van Der, & Luttik, M. L. (2017). Aspects of family caregiving as addressed in planned discussions between nurses, patients with chronic diseases and family caregivers : a qualitative content analysis. BMC Nursing, 16(37), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-017-0231-5
Hizbullah, K., & Mulyati, R. (2022). The role of gratitude and family support on psychological well-being of mothers with autistic children. International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology, 3(1), 1-18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v3i1.13190
Kaleta, K., & Mróz, J. (2021). The effect of apology on emotional and decisional forgiveness: The role of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 168, 110310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110310
Kartika, A.W., Wiarsih, W., & Permatasari, H. (2017). Family with a chronic illness: Adaptation and challenges. Journal of Nursing Sciences, 5(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jik.2017.005.02.1
Kristaningrum, N. D., Ramadhani, D. A., & Hayati, Y. S. (2021). Correlation between the burden of family caregivers and health status of people with diabetes mellitus. Journals of Public Health Research, 10 (227), 1-6. Retrieved from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.4081/jphr.2021.2227
Latipun. (2017). Psikologi eksperimen. Malang: Ummpress.
Martire, L. M., & Helgeson, V. S. (2017). Close relationships and the management of chronic illness: Associations and interventions. American Psychologist, 72(6), 601. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/amp0000066
Nashori, F. (2016). Psychology of Forgiveness. Yogyakarta: Insania Cita
Nashori, F., Iskandar, T. Z., Setiono, K., Siswadi, A. G. P., & Andriansyah, Y. (2020). Religiosity, interpersonal attachment, and forgiveness among the Javanese population in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 23(2), 99-112. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1646233
Pate, T. (2016). Families of children with chronic illness and the relational family model. The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II, 6(2), 57-65. Retrieved from https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=468038
Pausig, D. (2015). Caregiver burden track six essentials. Texas: Huntington's Disease of America.
Prihantini, A., Nashori, H.F., & Rumiani. (2022). Forgiveness Therapy to Improve The Psychological Well-Being among Woman Victims of Domestic Violence. in Marcus Stuck, Shukran Abdul Rahman, Sonny Andrianto, Bambang Sumintono, Muwaga Musa (eds.), Lecture Notes in Social dan Humanities: Frontiers Research (p. 88-99). Three House Global Service.
Rahmandani, A. (2015). Pemaafan dan aspek kognitif dari stres pada mahasiswi jurusan kebidanan tingkat dua. Jurnal Psikologi Undip 14 (2),118-128. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpu.14.2.118-128
Revenson, T., & Hoyt, M. A. (2018). Chronic Illness and Mental Health. Encyclopedia of Mental Health, 2(1), 284-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397045-9.00151-8
Septarianda, E., Malay, M.N., & Ulfah, K. (2020). Relationship Between Forgiveness And Subjective Well-Being Among Orphanage Adolescents. Jurnal Psikologi Malahayati, 2(1), 83-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jpm.v2i1.2488
Siregar, C. T., Nasution, S. Z., Ariga, R. A., Lufthiani, L., Tanjung, D., & Harahap, I. A. (2021, April). The role and function of family caring for family members with chronic disease in medan. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 2342, No. 1). AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0045438
Somrongthong, R., Hongthong, D., Wongchalee, S., & Wongtongkam, N. (2016). The Influence of Chronic Illness and Lifestyle Behaviors on Quality of Life among Older Thais. BioMed Research International, 2016(2525941), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/2525941
Sugiyono. (2019). Method of educational research: quantitative and qualitative approach (Metode penelitian pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif & kualitatif). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Swickert, R., Robertson, S., & Baird, D. (2015). Age Moderates the Mediational Role of Empathy in the Association Between Gender and Forgiveness. Current Psychology, 35, 354-360. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9300-z
Takwin, B., Singgih, E. E., & Panggabean, S. K. (2012). The role of self-management in increasing subjective well-being of DKI Jakarta’s citizens. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia, 16(1), 1-8.
Toledano-Toledano, F., & Luna, D. (2020). The psychosocial profile of family caregivers of children with chronic diseases: A cross-sectional study. BioPsychoSocial medicine, 14(1), 1-9.
Warsah, I. (2020). Forgiveness viewed from positive psychology and Islam. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 3(2), 108-121. https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v3i2.878
Widhigdo, J. C., & Erawan, E. (2020). Gambaran Subjective Well-being Pada Wanita Yang Berada Pada Tahap Pasca Mastektomi Kanker Payudara Dan Tidak Menikah. EXPERIENTIA: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 6(2), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.33508/exp.v6i2.2720
Wijaya, YD. & Widiyastuti, M. (2019). Forgiveness Therapy to Improve Subjective Well-being of Woman Victims of Sexual Harassment. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Health (ICOH 2019), pages 257-260. Retrieved from https://digilib.esaunggul.ac.id/public/UEU-Article-17356-5_0574.pdf
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/ijiep.v4i1.17965
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
International Journal of Islamic Educational Psychology
The content of this website is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) licence.
OFFICE:
Doctoral Program of Islamic Educational Psychology
Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Jl. Brawijaya, Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183 Indonesia
Email: ijiep_journal@umy.ac.id
Phone: +62274 387656 Ext. 267