Non-Linear Estimation using the Weighted Average Consensus-Based Unscented Filtering for Various Vehicles Dynamics towards Autonomous Sensorless Design

Bambang L. Widjiantoro, Moh Kamalul Wafi, Katherin Indriawati

Abstract


The concerns to autonomous vehicles have been becoming more intriguing in coping with the more environmentally dynamics non-linear systems under some constraints and disturbances. These vehicles connect not only to the self-instruments yet to the neighborhoods components, making the diverse interconnected communications which should be handled locally to ease the computation and to fasten the decision. To deal with those interconnected networks, the distributed estimation to reach the untouched states, pursuing sensorless design, is approached, initiated by the construction of the modified pseudo measurement which, due to approximation, led to the weighted average consensus calculation within unscented filtering along with the bounded estimation errors. Moreover, the tested vehicles are also associated to certain robust control scenarios subject to noise and disturbance with some stability analysis to ensure the usage of the proposed estimation algorithm. The numerical instances are presented along with the performances of the control and estimation method. The results affirms the effectiveness of the method with limited error deviation compared to the other centralized and distributed filtering. Beyond these, the further research would be the directed sensorless design and fault-tolerant learning control subject to faults to negate the failures.

Keywords


Autonomous vehicles; Estimation method; Unscented Kalman filtering; Weighted average consensus filtering

Full Text:

PDF

References


A. Meyrowitz, D. Blidberg, and R. Michelson, “Autonomous vehicles,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 1147–1164, 1996.

R. Hussain and S. Zeadally, “Autonomous cars: Research results, issues, and future challenges,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 1275–1313, 2019.

D. Omeiza, H. Webb, M. Jirotka, and L. Kunze, “Explanations in autonomous driving: A survey,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 10 142–10 162, 2022.

H. Yin, P. Seiler, and M. Arcak, “Stability analysis using quadratic constraints for systems with neural network controllers,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 1980–1987, 2022.

Y. Wang, N. Roohi, G. E. Dullerud, and M. Viswanathan, “Stability of linear autonomous systems under regular switching sequences,” in 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2014, pp. 5445–5450.

I. Al-Darabsah, M. A. Janaideh, and S. A. Campbell, “Stability of connected autonomous vehicle networks with commensurate time delays,” in 2021 American Control Conference (ACC), 2021, pp. 3308–3313.

W. M. Haddad and J. Lee, “Finite-time stability of discrete autonomous systems,” in 2020 American Control Conference (ACC), 2020, pp. 5188–5193.

Y. Huang, S. Z. Yong, and Y. Chen, “Stability control of autonomous ground vehicles using control-dependent barrier functions,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 699–710, 2021.

M. K. Wafi, “System identification on the families of auto-regressive with least-square-batch algorithm,” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 65–72, 2021.

A. Mehra, W.-L. Ma, F. Berg, P. Tabuada, J. W. Grizzle, and A. D. Ames, “Adaptive cruise control: Experimental validation of advanced controllers on scale-model cars,” in 2015 American Control Conference (ACC), 2015, pp. 1411–1418.

C. Hu and J. Wang, “Trust-based and individualizable adaptive cruise control using control barrier function approach with prescribed performance,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 6974–6984, 2022.

J. Na, Y. Huang, Q. Pei, X. Wu, G. Gao, and G. Li, “Active suspension control of full-car systems without function approximation,” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 779–791, 2020.

M. Yu, S. A. Evangelou, and D. Dini, “Position control of parallel active link suspension with backlash,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 67, no. 6, pp. 4741–4751, 2020.

G. Buticchi, P. Wheeler, and D. Boroyevich, “The more-electric aircraft and beyond,” Proceedings of the IEEE, pp. 1–15, 2022.

P. Wheeler, T. S. Sirimanna, S. Bozhko, and K. S. Haran, “Electric/hybridelectric aircraft propulsion systems,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 109, no. 6, pp. 1115–1127, 2021.

S. Li, X. Liang, and W. Xu, “Modeling dc motor drive systems in power system dynamic studies,” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. 658–668, 2015.

T. Verstraten, R. Furnemont, G. Mathijssen, B. Vanderborght, and D. Lefeber, “Energy consumption of geared dc motors in dynamic applications: Comparing modeling approaches,” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 524–530, 2016.

B. L. Widjiantoro and M. K. Wafi, “Discrete-time state-feedback controller with canonical form on inverted pendulum (on a chart),” International Journal of Science and Engineering Investigations (IJSEI), vol. 11, no. 120, pp. 16–21, 2022.

A. Liniger and J. Lygeros, “Real-time control for autonomous racing based on viability theory,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 464–478, 2019.

S. Kuutti, R. Bowden, Y. Jin, P. Barber, and S. Fallah, “A survey of deep learning applications to autonomous vehicle control,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 712–733, 2021.

Y. V. Pant, H. Abbas, K. Mohta, R. A. Quaye, T. X. Nghiem, J. Devietti, and R. Mangharam, “Anytime computation and control for autonomous systems,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 768–779, 2021.

M. Liu, K. Chour, S. Rathinam, and S. Darbha, “Lateral control of an autonomous and connected following vehicle with limited preview information,” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 406–418, 2021.

M. K. Wafi, “Filtering module on satellite tracking,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2088, no. 1, p. 020045, 2019.

B. L. Widjiantoro, K. Indriawati, and M. K. Wafi, “Adaptive Kalman filtering with exact linearization and decoupling control on three-tank process,” International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 41–48, 2021.

M. K. Wafi and B. L. Widjiantoro, “Distributed estimation with decentralized control for quadruple-tank process,” International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 301–307, 2022.

A. Onat, “A novel and computationally efficient joint unscented Kalman filtering scheme for parameter estimation of a class of nonlinear systems,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 31 634–31 655, 2019.

W. Zhou and J. Hou, “A new adaptive high-order unscented Kalman filter for improving the accuracy and robustness of target tracking,” IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 118 484–118 497, 2019.

S. Liu, Z. Wang, Y. Chen, and G. Wei, “Protocol-based unscented Kalman filtering in the presence of stochastic uncertainties,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 65, no. 3, pp. 1303–1309, 2020.

W. Li, G. Wei, F. Han, and Y. Liu, “Weighted average consensus-based unscented kalman filtering,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 558–567, 2016.

W. Li and Y. Jia, “Consensus-based distributed multiple model ukf for jump markov nonlinear systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 227–233, 2012.

T. Lefebvre, H. Bruyninckx, and J. De Schuller, “Comment on ”a new method for the nonlinear transformation of means and covariances in filters and estimators” [with authors’ reply],” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 47, no. 8, pp. 1406–1409, 2002.

W. Ren, R. W. Beard, and E. M. Atkins, “Information consensus in multivehicle cooperative control,” IEEE Control Systems Magazine, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 71–82, 2007.

G. Battistelli, L. Chisci, G. Mugnai, A. Farina, and A. Graziano, “Consensus-based algorithms for distributed filtering,” in 2012 IEEE 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 2012, pp. 794–799.

J. Kuti, I. J. Rudas, H. Gao, and P. Galambos, “Computationally relaxed unscented kalman filter,” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, pp. 1–9, 2022.

M. Alzayed and H. Chaoui, “Efficient simplified current sensorless dynamic direct voltage mtpa of interior pmsm for electric vehicles operation,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, pp. 1–10, 2022.

S. M. N. Ali, M. J. Hossain, D. Wang, K. Lu, P. O. Rasmussen, V. Sharma, and M. Kashif, “Robust sensorless control against thermally degraded speed performance in an im drive based electric vehicle,” IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 896–907, 2020.

R. Silva-Ortigoza, E. Hernandez-Marquez, A. Roldan-Caballero, S. Tavera-Mosqueda, M. Marciano-Melchor, J. R. Garcia-Sanchez, V. M. Hernandez-Guzman, and G. Silva-Ortigoza, “Sensorless tracking control for a “full-bridge buck inverter–dc motor” system: Passivity and flatness-based design,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 132 191–132 204, 2021.

D. Xiao, S. Nalakath, S. R. Filho, G. Fang, A. Dong, Y. Sun, J. Wiseman, and A. Emadi, “Universal full-speed sensorless control scheme for interior permanent magnet synchronous motors,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 4, pp. 4723–4737, 2021.

R. Yildiz, M. Barut, and E. Zerdali, “A comprehensive comparison of extended and unscented kalman filters for speed-sensorless control applications of induction motors,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 6423–6432, 2020.

K. Indriawati, A. Jazidie, and T. Agustinah, “Reconfigurable controller based on fuzzy descriptor observer for nonlinear systems with sensor faults,” in Instrumentation and Measurement Systems, ser. Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 771. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 8 2015, pp. 59–62.

W. Wang, Z. Lu, Y. Feng, W. Tian, W. Hua, Z. Wang, and M. Cheng, “Coupled fault-tolerant control of primary permanent-magnet linear motor traction systems for subway applications,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 3408–3421, 2021.

M. K. Wafi, “Estimation and fault detection on hydraulic system with adaptive-scaling kalman and consensus filtering,” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 49–56, 2021.

Z. Wang, J. Shao, and Z. He, “Fault tolerant sensorless control strategy with multi-states switching method for in-wheel electric vehicle,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 61 150–61 158, 2021.

M. Ebadpour, N. Amiri, and J. Jatskevich, “Fast fault-tolerant control for improved dynamic performance of hall-sensor-controlled brushless dc motor drives,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 36, no. 12, pp. 14 051–14 061, 2021.

M. K. Wafi and K. Indriawati, “Fault-tolerant control design in scrubber plant with fault on sensor sensitivity,” The Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 96–104, 2022.

W. He, M. M. Namazi, T. Li, and R. Ortega, “A state observer for sensorless control of power converters with unknown load conductance,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 9187–9199, 2022.

M. R. Pinandhito, K. Indriawati, and M. Harly, “Active fault tolerant control design in regenerative anti-lock braking system of electric vehicle with sensor fault,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2088, no. 1, p. 020024, 2019.

C.-Y. Chong, “Forty years of distributed estimation: A review of noteworthy developments,” in 2017 Sensor Data Fusion: Trends, Solutions, Applications (SDF), 2017, pp. 1–10.

R. Olfati-Saber, “Distributed kalman filter with embedded consensus filters,” in Proceedings of the 44th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2005, pp. 8179–8184.

R. Olfati-Saber, “Distributed kalman filtering for sensor networks,” in 2007 46th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2007, pp. 5492–5498.

B. Chen, G. Hu, D. W. Ho, and L. Yu, “Distributed estimation and control for discrete time-varying interconnected systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 67, no. 5, pp. 2192–2207, 2022.

S. Knotek, K. Hengster-Movric, and M. Sebek, “Distributed estimation on sensor networks with measurement uncertainties,” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 1997–2011, 2021.

D. Castanon and D. Teneketzis, “Distributed estimation algorithms for nonlinear systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 418–425, 1985.

C. Freundlich, S. Lee, and M. M. Zavlanos, “Distributed estimation and control for robotic sensor networks,” in 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC), 2016, pp. 3518–3523.

G. Yang, H. Rezaee, and T. Parisini, “Distributed state estimation for a class of jointly observable nonlinear systems,” IFAC-PapersOnLine, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 5045–5050, 2020, 21st IFAC World Congress.

Y. Song, H. Lee, C. Kwon, H.-S. Shin, and H. Oh, “Distributed estimation of stochastic multiagent systems for cooperative control with a virtual network,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, pp. 1–13, 2022.

F. Boem, Y. Zhou, C. Fischione, and T. Parisini, “Distributed paretooptimal state estimation using sensor networks,” Automatica, vol. 93, pp. 211–223, 2018.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v4i1.16164

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2023 Moh Kamalul Wafi

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 


Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC)

P-ISSN: 2715-5056 || E-ISSN: 2715-5072
Organized by Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta in collaboration with Peneliti Teknologi Teknik Indonesia, Indonesia and the Department of Electrical Engineering
Website: http://journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/jrc
Email: jrcofumy@gmail.com


Kuliah Teknik Elektro Terbaik