Email this article 
The Role of Perceived Organizational Support (POS) and Employee Satisfaction to Enhance Employee Engagement: Do Gender and Tenure Matter?
Abstract
Research aims: The research investigated the conjecture that employee engagement is notably intensified in the presence of perceived organizational support (POS) and employee satisfaction. Additionally, the study explored the discrete impacts of the interconnections between these variables, considering gender and employee tenure.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This study employed primary quantitative research methods through cross-sectional surveys. The hypotheses were tested using SEM-PLS with the assistance of Smart PLS.
Research findings: The findings unveiled that POS indirectly influences employee engagement through its effect on employee satisfaction. Furthermore, employee satisfaction directly and positively contributes to heightened employee engagement. Neither gender nor tenure exhibits identifiable effects on the correlations between the constructs. It is ascertained that POS holds a higher degree of significance in cultivating employee engagement.
Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The study empirically confirmed the enhanced employee engagement through POS and employee satisfaction, elucidating the mediating role of satisfaction, highlighting the significance of POS, and offering actionable managerial insights for human resource strategies.
Practitioners/Policy Implications: It is recommended that managerial efforts be directed toward formulating human resource strategies that amplify POS.
Research Limitations/Implications: Limited number of respondents due to the period of COVID-19 recovery.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmed, I., & Nawaz, M. M. (2015). Antecedents and outcomes of perceived organizational support: a literature survey approach. Journal of Management Development, 34(7), 867-880. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-09-2013-0115
Ajibola, K. S., Mukulu, E., & Simiyu, A. (2019). Performance Appraisal and Employee Engagement: Does Tenure Matters? Evidence from South-West Nigeria. Quest Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 1(2), 146-164. https://doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v1i2.27415
Al-Omar, H. A., Arafah, A. M., Barakat, J. M., Almutairi, R. D., Khurshid, F., & Alsultan, M. S. (2019). The impact of perceived organizational support and resilience on pharmacists' engagement in their stressful and competitive workplaces in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(7), 1044-1052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.08.007
Alok, A., & Wali, S. M. (2017). Discerning elements of human rights in employee engagement for developing employee satisfaction: A study on telecommunication sector in India. International Journal of Economic Research, 14(16), 531-542.
Alonderiene, R., & Majauskaite, M. (2016). Leadership style and job satisfaction in higher education institutions. International Journal of Educational Management, 30(1), 140-164. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2014-0106
Alshaabani, A., Naz, F., Magda, R., & Rudnák, I. (2021). Impact of perceived organizational support on ocb in the time of covid-19 pandemic in hungary: Employee engagement and affective commitment as mediators. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147800
Ashton, A. S. (2018). How human resources management best practice influence employee satisfaction and job retention in the Thai hotel industry. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality and Tourism, 17(2), 175-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2017.1340759
Astuty, I., & Udin, U. (2020). The Effect of Perceived Organizational Support and Transformational Leadership on Affective Commitment and Employee Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), 401-411. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.401
Blomme, R. J., Kodden, B., & Beasley-Suffolk, A. (2015). Leadership theories and the concept of work engagement: Creating a conceptual framework for management implications and research. Journal of Management and Organization, 21(2), 125-144. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2014.71
Canboy, B., Tillou, C., Barzantny, C., Güçlü, B., & Benichoux, F. (2023). The impact of perceived organizational support on work meaningfulness, engagement, and perceived stress in France. European Management Journal, 41(1), 90-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.12.004
Chaudhary, R., & Rangnekar, S. (2017). Socio-demographic Factors, Contextual Factors, and Work Engagement: Evidence from India. Emerging Economy Studies, 3(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/2394901517696646
Chawla, S., Sareen, P., & Gupta, S. (2022). Employee Engagement Strategy. Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology, 157–173. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5274-5.ch009
Choi, Y. (2019). A study of the effect of perceived organizational support on the relationship between narcissism and job-related attitudes of Korean employees. Cogent Business and Management, 6(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1573486
Davies, G., Mete, M., & Whelan, S. (2018). When employer brand image aids employee satisfaction and engagement. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness, 5(1), 64-80. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-03-2017-0028
Eisenberger, R., Armeli, S., Rexwinkel, B., Lynch, P. D., & Rhoades, L. (2001). Reciprocation of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.86.1.42
Eldor, L. (2017). Looking on the Bright Side: The Positive Role of Organisational Politics in the Relationship between Employee Engagement and Performance at Work. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 233-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12090
Extremera, N., Mérida-López, S., Sánchez-álvarez, N., & Quintana-Orts, C. (2018). How does emotional intelligence make one feel better at work? The mediational role of work engagement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091909
Faeni, D. P., Wahyudi, W., & Imelda, I. (2019). Compensation, company culture and relational returns toward employee engagement. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2S4), 897–902. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijrte.b1179.0782s419
Fristin, Y., & Supanto, F. (2022). The effect of Superleadership and perceived organisational support (POS) to performance with employee satisfaction and employee engagement as mediating variables. International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 15(4), 445-470. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTGM.2022.125915
Gander, M. (2019). Improving employee satisfaction through human resource management. Perspectives: Policy and Practice in Higher Education, 23(2-3), 37-38. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603108.2019.1579507
Hair, J., Hult, T., Ringle, C., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
Hair, J. F. J., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), 2nd Ed. Thousand Oaks. Sage, 165.
Henseler, J., Dijkstra, T. K., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Diamantopoulos, A., Straub, D. W., Ketchen, D. J., Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., & Calantone, R. J. (2014). Common Beliefs and Reality About PLS. Organizational Research Methods, 17(2), 182–209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114526928
Hu, B., Hou, Z., Mak, M. C. K., Xu, S. L., Yang, X., Hu, T., Qiu, Y., & Wen, Y. (2019). Work engagement, tenure, and external opportunities moderate perceived high-performance work systems and affective commitment. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 47(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7353
Imran, M. Y., Elahi, N. S., Abid, G., Ashfaq, F., & Ilyas, S. (2020). Impact of Perceived Organizational Support on Work Engagement: Mediating Mechanism of Thriving and Flourishing. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 6(3), 82. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc6030082
Indrayani, I. G. A. P. W., Supartha, I. W. G., Dewi, I. G. A. M., & Piartrini, P. S. (2023). A Systematic Approach To Resourceful Work Engagement Among Millennials: Harnessing Personal Resources. International Journal of Business and Society, 24(2), 727-745. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5959.2023
Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee engagement and job performance in Lebanon: the mediating role of creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 68(3), 506-523. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2018-0052
Kaushik, S., Mehta, A., Srivastava, S., & Mehendale, S. (2018). Factors Affecting Employee Satisfaction-A Methodological and Thematic Review. Asian Journal of Management, 9(1), 834. https://doi.org/10.5958/2321-5763.2018.00132.4
Khodakarami, N., & Dirani, K. (2020). Drivers of employee engagement: differences by work area and gender. Industrial and Commercial Training, 52(1), 81–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/ict-06-2019-0060
Kim, T.-W., You, Y.-Y., & Hong, J.-W. (2020). A Study on Effect of Servant Leadership and Perceived Organizational Support on Characteristics of Agile Organizational Culture. Research in World Economy, 11(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v11n2p1
Lambert, A., Jones, R. P., & Clinton, S. (2021). Employee engagement and the service profit chain in a quick-service restaurant organization. Journal of Business Research, 135(2021), 214-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.06.009
Lartey, J. K. S., Amponsah-Tawiah, K., & Osafo, J. (2019). The moderating effect of perceived organizational support in the relationship between emotional labour and job attitudes: A study among health professionals. Nursing Open, 6(3), 990-997. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.295
Liu, J., Cho, S., & Putra, E. D. (2017). The moderating effect of self-efficacy and gender on work engagement for restaurant employees in the United States. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(1), 624-642. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2015-0539
Loerbroks, A., Glaser, J., Vu-Eickmann, P., & Angerer, P. (2017). Physician burnout, work engagement and the quality of patient care. Occupational Medicine, 67(5), 356-362. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx051
Maan, A. T., Abid, G., Butt, T. H., Ashfaq, F., & Ahmed, S. (2020). Perceived organizational support and job satisfaction: a moderated mediation model of proactive personality and psychological empowerment. Future Business Journal, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00027-8
Mahboubi, M., Ghahramani, F., Mohammadi, M., Amani, N., Mousavi, S. H., Moradi, F., Akbarzadeh, A., & Kazemi, M. (2014). Evaluation of Work Engagement and Its Determinants in Kermanshah Hospitals Staff in 2013. Global Journal of Health Science, 7(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v7n2p170
Mascarenhas, C., Galvão, A. R., & Marques, C. S. (2022). How Perceived Organizational Support, Identification with Organization and Work Engagement Influence Job Satisfaction: A Gender-Based Perspective. Administrative Sciences, 12(2), 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12020066
Matzler, K., Fuchs, M., & Schubert, A. (2004). Employee Satisfaction: Does Kano’s Model Apply? Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 15(9–10), 1179–1198. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478336042000255569
Mustafa, G. (2017). Motivation Enhancing Hrmpractices’ and Employeedemographics on Affectivecommitment Among Employees Intextile Manufacturing in Pakistan. Pakistan Business Review, February, 865-885. https://journals.iobmresearch.com/index.php/PBR/article/view/1115
Ott, A. R., Haun, V. C., & Binnewies, C. (2019). Negative work reflection, personal resources, and work engagement: the moderating role of perceived organizational support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 28(1), 110-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1550076
Preethi, R. V. S., & Valliappan, M. (2015). Relationship Between Employees Engagement and Satisfaction at Ideal Fastener India Private Limited. IJER, 12(2), 399-404.
Rana, S., & Chopra, P. (2019). Developing and Sustaining Employee Engagement. Management Techniques for Employee Engagement in Contemporary Organizations, 142–164. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7799-7.ch009
Samah, I. H. A., Shamsuddin, A. S., Abd Rashid, I. M., & Amlus, M. H. (2019). Gender differences on employee value proposition, growth mindset and employee engagement in Malaysian hotel sector. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(12), 3460-3462.
Sarfraz, M., Qun, W., Sarwar, A., Abdullah, M. I., Imran, M. K., & Shafique, I. (2019). Mitigating effect of perceived organizational support on stress in the presence of workplace ostracism in the Pakistani nursing sector. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 839–849. https://doi.org/10.2147/prbm.s210794
Savitri, N. K., & Komalasari, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Pemberdayaan Karyawan dan Dukungan Organisasi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Karyawan The Santai Umalas-Bali. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Pariwisata, 16(2). Retrieved from https://jurnal.undhirabali.ac.id/index.php/pariwisata/article/view/1501
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The Measurement of Work Engagement With a Short Questionnaire. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Sharma, A., Goel, A., & Sengupta, S. (2017). How does Work Engagement vary with Employee Demography? Procedia Computer Science, 122, 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.353
Shin, D., & Konrad, A. M. (2016). Causality Between High-Performance Work Systems and Organizational Performance. Journal of Management, 43(4), 973–997. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314544746
Silva, R., Dias, Á., Pereira, L., da Costa, R. L., & Gonçalves, R. (2022). Exploring the Direct and Indirect Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Affective Organizational Commitment. Social Sciences, 11(9), 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci11090406
Sohail, M. S., & Jang, J. (2017). Understanding the relationships among internal marketing practices, job satisfaction, service quality and customer satisfaction: an empirical investigation of Saudi Arabia’s service employees. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 17(2), 67–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2017.1294343
Srimindarti, C., Oktaviani, R. M., Hardiningsih, P., & Udin, U. (2020). Determinants of Job Satisfaction and Performance of Auditors: A Case Study of Indonesia: Acces la Success. Calitatea, 21(178), 84-89. https://www.proquest.com/scholarly-journals/determinants-job-satisfaction-performance/docview/2442966466/se-2
Stockemer, D. (2019). Quantitative Methods for the Social Sciences. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99118-4
Sun, L. (2019). Perceived Organizational Support: A Literature Review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(3), 155. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i3.15102
Sun, L., & Bunchapattanasakda, C. (2019). Employee Engagement: A Literature Review. International Journal of Human Resource Studies, 9(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v9i1.14167
Tan, L., Wang, Y., Qian, W., & Lu, H. (2020). Leader Humor and Employee Job Crafting: The Role of Employee-Perceived Organizational Support and Work Engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.499849
Tkalac Verčič, A., & Men, L. R. (2023). Redefining the link between internal communication and employee engagement. Public Relations Review, 49(1), 102279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2022.102279
De Vaus, D. (2013). Surveys In Social Research. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203519196
Vermeulen, T., & Scheepers, C. B. (2020). Mediating effect of perceived organisational support on authentic leadership and work engagement. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 18. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v18i0.1212
Wake, M., & Green, W. (2019). Relationship between employee engagement scores and service quality ratings: analysis of the National Health Service staff survey across 97 acute NHS Trusts in England and concurrent Care Quality Commission outcomes (2012–2016). BMJ Open, 9(7), e026472. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026472
Wen, X., Gu, L., & Wen, S. (2019). Job satisfaction and job engagement: Empirical evidence from food safety regulators in Guangdong, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 208, 999–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.089
Yang, S., Huang, H., Qiu, T., Tian, F., Gu, Z., Gao, X., & Wu, H. (2020). Psychological Capital Mediates the Association Between Perceived Organizational Support and Work Engagement Among Chinese Doctors. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00149
Zhang, T., C. Avery, G., Bergsteiner, H., & More, E. (2014). The relationship between leadership paradigms and employee engagement. Journal of Global Responsibility, 5(1), 4–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/jgr-02-2014-0006
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mb.v15i1.19529
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2024 Nova Eviana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Office:
Ruang Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis,
Gedung Ki Bagus Hadikusuma (E4) Lantai 2, Kampus Terpadu Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Jalan Brawijaya (Lingkar Selatan), Tamantirto, Kasihan, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 55183
Website: journal.umy.ac.id/index.php/mb - E-mail: mabis@umy.ac.id
Phone: +62 274 387 656 (ext: 118)
Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)